{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:46:35Z","timestamp":1791866795001,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Egyptian Association of Immunologists","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EJI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) driven by immune activation and chronic inflammatory cascades. Human regulatory B (Breg) cells modulate immune homeostasis and are downregulated in glomerulonephritis. We aim to evaluate B cell subsets counts in type 2 DM patients with and without nephropathy in comparison to normal control individuals. Sixty participants comprising twenty-four patients with type 2 DM without kidney injury, twenty-four patients with DN diagnosed via KDIGO guidelines, and twelve matched healthy controls underwent clinical, biochemical, and flow cytometric evaluations. CD19+ B cell subsets count, including Breg cells (CD19+CD24hiCD38hi) and memory B cell counts (CD19+CD24+CD38-) were quantified using multi-parametric flow cytometry. B cell count was significantly lower in patients with DN compared to DM and healthy control groups. Moreover, Breg and memory B cell counts were significantly lower in the DN group compared to the DM group. However, no significant difference was observed regarding B cell subsets between the DM and healthy control groups. Breg cells could predict DN (AUC = 0.720, p = 0.017) at a cut-off of \u226413.5% with 95% sensitivity and 95% specificity. In conclusion, Breg cells serve a vital role in suppressing aberrant immune reactivity, meaning that their insufficiency can trigger heightened autoimmune processes. Ultimately, the Breg subpopulation holds substantial promise as a significant biomarker for predicting both the onset and progression of DN with no correlation with the severity of DN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.55133\/eji.330401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:07:35Z","timestamp":1791864455000},"page":"01-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Circulating regulatory B-cell subsets in type 2 diabetic nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.55133","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Manar","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33636","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"container-title":["The Egyptian journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:07:36Z","timestamp":1791864456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ejimmunology.org\/eji_33_04_2026_01\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55133\/eji.330401","relation":{},"ISSN":["1110-4902","2090-2506"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1110-4902","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-2506","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}}}