{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T11:27:20Z","timestamp":1786534040786,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Nephrol"],"abstract":"BACKGROUND<\/jats:p>\n Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, has been shown to exert notable anti-inflammatory and antiproteinuric actions in diabetic kidney disease, contributing to improved sodium handling, attenuation of renal hypertrophy, and reductions in tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin-6 levels, and albuminuria.<\/jats:p>\n AIM<\/jats:p>\n To determine the impact of PTX on inflammatory biomarkers and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in non-diabetic patients.<\/jats:p>\n METHODS<\/jats:p>\n This prospective, interventional, open label, randomized controlled clinical study was conducted on 42 participants aged 18 years or older, of both genders, with CKD stages 3 or 4 and proteinuria < 1 g\/24 hours. Participants were placed into two equal groups. Group 1 had standard therapy, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs; ramipril 1.25 mg), calcium acetate (700 mg), alfacalcidol (0.25 \u00b5g), antihypertensives, and diuretics. Group 2 had the same standard therapy plus PTX 400 mg (Trental\u00ae) two times per day for six consecutive months.<\/jats:p>\n RESULTS<\/jats:p>\n There was no significant relationship between TNF-\u03b1 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and participants\u2019 gender in both groups. An essential direct correlation was observed between TNF-\u03b1 and creatinine in both groups. A critical direct correlation was observed between hs-CRP and calcium in group B. There was a significant inverse correlation between the change in TNF-\u03b1 and estimated glomerular filtration rate, as well as between the change in TNF-\u03b1 and the urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio. The change in protein creatinine ratio noted in group 2 was mainly due to changes in mean arterial pressure, followed by changes in TNF-\u03b1.<\/jats:p>\n CONCLUSION<\/jats:p>\n In non-diabetic CKD patients, adjunctive treatment with PTX was associated with significant decreases in C-reactive protein levels and proteinuria. The reduction in proteinuria was mainly explained by changes in mean arterial pressure, followed by changes in TNF-\u03b1, indicating that hemodynamic factors may play a more prominent role than inflammatory modulation in mediating this effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5527\/wjn.120037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T08:51:33Z","timestamp":1782982293000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of pentoxifylline on inflammatory markers in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patients: A prospective, interventional, open label"],"prefix":"10.5527","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ashraf Hassan","family":"Abd El Mobdy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayam Ahmed","family":"Hebah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Ali","family":"Ezzat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basant Abdelkarim","family":"Eid Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma Abdelrahman","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2060","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.07.012"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2023.09.003"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.01.025"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000485153"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-15-152"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03500412"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12950-015-0080-5"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2002.01019.x"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014010012"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809603000702"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0272-6386(83)80060-2"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-013-0057-1"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109988"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/jn.5000077"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-018-1069-0"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.173"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.05.012"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060516663094"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-017-0390-4"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399814666180924114041"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2220-6124\/full\/v15\/i3\/120037.htm","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2220-6124\/full\/v15\/i3\/120037.htm","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T10:28:01Z","timestamp":1786530481000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.wjgnet.com\/2220-6124\/full\/v15\/i3\/120037.htm"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"alternative-id":["120037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5527\/wjn.120037","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-6124"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2220-6124","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]}}}