{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T05:47:50Z","timestamp":1792216070933,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]],"date-time":"2024-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":180,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.55275\/jposna-2023-651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T12:38:06Z","timestamp":1692103086000},"page":"651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Factors Associated with Presentation of Severe Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ian P.","family":"Erkkila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua P.","family":"Weissman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar P.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hunter","family":"Aronson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin M.","family":"Knoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill E.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0005","first-page":"111","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: review and current concepts","volume":"64","author":"Reamy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8152","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18158152","article-title":"Incidence and surgery rate of idiopathic scoliosis: a nationwide database study","volume":"18","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/01720610-200811000-00009","article-title":"Scoliosis: a straightforward approach to diagnosis and management","volume":"21","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAAPA."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.11669","article-title":"Screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force","volume":"319","author":"Dunn","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-012-0457-4","article-title":"Epidemiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"7","author":"Konieczny","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Child Orthop."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31819c9431","article-title":"Curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis: follow-up study to skeletal maturity","volume":"34","author":"Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000178819.90239.d0","article-title":"Standardization of criteria for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis brace studies: SRS Committee on Bracing and Nonoperative Management","volume":"30","author":"Richards","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0040","first-page":"19","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: common questions and answers","volume":"101","author":"Kuznia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198365040-00004","article-title":"Curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"65","author":"Weinstein","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163050-00003","article-title":"Idiopathic scoliosis: long-term follow-up and prognosis in untreated patients","volume":"63","author":"Weinstein","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-3-9","article-title":"Rate of complications in scoliosis surgery - a systematic review of the Pub Med literature","volume":"3","author":"Weiss","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scoliosis."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.07.008","article-title":"Brace treatment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: risk factors for failure-a literature review","volume":"19","author":"Hawary","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000197188.76369.13","article-title":"Complications in spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in the new millennium. A report of the Scoliosis Research Society Morbidity and Mortality Committee","volume":"31","author":"Coe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0070","first-page":"e21.00192","article-title":"Continued increase in cost of care despite decrease in stay after posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"6","author":"Shaw","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.3.PEDS14649","article-title":"Surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in the United States from 1997 to 2012: an analysis of 20,346 patients","volume":"16","author":"Vigneswaran","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.14444\/6063","article-title":"Cost and clinical outcome of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgeries-experience from a nonprofit community hospital","volume":"13","author":"Bozzio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Spine Surg."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2017.03.11","article-title":"Cost analysis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery: early discharge decreases hospital costs much less than intraoperative variables under the control of the surgeon","volume":"3","author":"Raudenbush","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Spine Surg."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004189","article-title":"Cost-utility analysis comparing bracing versus observation for skeletally immature patients with thoracic scoliosis","volume":"46","author":"Ikwuezunma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568219831687","article-title":"Reducing radiation and lowering costs with a standardized care pathway for nonoperative thoracolumbar fractures","volume":"9","author":"Hanson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Global Spine J."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9406(05)61440-X","article-title":"Costs and effectiveness of scoliosis screening","volume":"85","author":"Roubal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiotherapy."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1080\/14034940600551251","article-title":"The significance of neighbourhood context to child and adolescent health and well-being: a systematic review of multilevel studies","volume":"34","author":"Sellstr\u00f6m","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2015.01.005","article-title":"The influence of the neighborhood physical environment on early child health and development: a review and call for research","volume":"33","author":"Christian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Place."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999.0000000000000027","article-title":"Curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis does not match skeletal growth","volume":"476","author":"Cheung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0120","unstructured":"Child Opportunity Index (COI). [Diversitydatakids.org Website]. 2022. Available at: https:\/\/www.diversitydatakids.org\/child-opportunity-index. Accessed June 8, 2022."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2014.0679","article-title":"The child opportunity index: improving collaboration between community development and public health","volume":"33","author":"Acevedo-Garcia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/0022250X.2015.1112384","article-title":"Understanding and interpreting generalized ordered logit models","volume":"40","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Math Sociol."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0135","first-page":"148","article-title":"The child opportunity index 2.0 and hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions","author":"Krager","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-022-00551-3","article-title":"Socioeconomic and geographic disparities in pediatric scoliosis surgery","volume":"10","author":"Booz\u00e9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spine Deform."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-020-01375-1","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in primary-care and specialist physician visits: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Lueckmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.06.043","article-title":"Disease severity and treatment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: the impact of race and economic status","volume":"15","author":"Zavatsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12705","article-title":"Racial\/Ethnic and gender disparities in health care use and access","volume":"53","author":"Manuel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Serv Res."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1348891","article-title":"Racial disparities in pubertal development","volume":"31","author":"Ramnitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-020-00097-2","article-title":"Healthcare disparities in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: the impact of socioeconomic factors on Cobb angle","volume":"8","author":"Russell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine Deform."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000184","article-title":"Insurance status does not predict curve magnitude in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis at first presentation to an orthopaedic surgeon","volume":"35","author":"Goldstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0175","first-page":"E454","article-title":"Medicaid insurance is associated with larger curves in patients who require scoliosis surgery","volume":"44","author":"Fletcher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.6.1405","article-title":"Access to orthopedic care for children with medicaid versus private insurance in California","volume":"107","author":"Skaggs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpo.0000217715.87857.24","article-title":"Access to orthopaedic care for children with medicaid versus private insurance: results of a national survey","volume":"26","author":"Skaggs","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0190","first-page":"193","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: diagnosis and management","volume":"89","author":"Horne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(05)70091-2","article-title":"Cause and natural history of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"30","author":"Miller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500200078037","volume":"269","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.19342","article-title":"Screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement","volume":"319","author":"Grossman","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.15.1427","article-title":"A population-based study of school scoliosis screening","volume":"282","author":"Yawn","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199911150-00006","article-title":"Ten-year follow-up evaluation of a school screening program for scoliosis. Is the forward-bending test an accurate diagnostic criterion for the screening of scoliosis?","volume":"24","author":"Karachalios","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181bcc835","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the clinical effectiveness of school scoliosis screening","volume":"35","author":"Fong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307337","article-title":"Effects of bracing in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"369","author":"Weinstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01276","article-title":"Screening for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents. An information statement","volume":"90","author":"Richards","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt Surg."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0235","unstructured":"Bach T. The 10 U.S. cities with the largest income inequality gaps. [U.S. News and World Report website]. September 21, 2020. Available at: https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/cities\/articles\/2020-09-21\/us-cities-with-the-biggest-income-inequality-gaps. Accessed May 2, 2023."},{"key":"10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651_bb0240","unstructured":"McPhillips D. How racially and ethnically diverse is your city? [U.S. News and World Report website]. January 22, 2020. Available at: https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/cities\/articles\/2020-01-22\/measuring-racial-and-ethnic-diversity-in-americas-cities. Accessed May 2, 2023."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2768276524005480?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2768276524005480?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T18:00:53Z","timestamp":1771437653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2768276524005480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S2768276524005480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55275\/jposna-2023-651","relation":{},"ISSN":["2768-2765"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2768-2765","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Factors Associated with Presentation of Severe Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55275\/JPOSNA-2023-651","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2023 JPOSNA. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"651"}}