{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T01:13:27Z","timestamp":1793236407500,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"XMLink","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wjmh.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Mens Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T00:56:22Z","timestamp":1641257782000},"page":"380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5534\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Antisperm Antibody Testing: A Comprehensive Review of Its Role in the Management of Immunological Male Infertility and Results of a Global Survey of Clinical Practices"],"prefix":"10.5534","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6487-9681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sajal","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9664-6978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakesh","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0585-1026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashok","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5322-0141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florence","family":"Boitrelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Biology, Fertility Preservation, Andrology, CECOS, Poissy Hospital, Poissy, France."},{"name":"Paris Saclay University, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5926-6407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Finelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0362-9109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ala'a","family":"Farkouh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0503-3533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramadan","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8070-4088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taha Abo-Almagd","family":"Abdel-Meguid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt."},{"name":"Department of Urology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6657-6227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"G\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Selcuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4082-4843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birute","family":"Zilaitiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7465-3616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edmund","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1383-6670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amarnath","family":"Rambhatla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2194-5578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armand","family":"Zini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3003-8048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristian","family":"Leisegang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Medicine, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8890-0297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinnosuke","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1128-2982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"Henkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA."},{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK."},{"name":"Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa."},{"name":"LogixX Pharma, Theale, Berkshire, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4599-8487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"Cannarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7806-9903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayad","family":"Palani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Garmian, Kalar, Iraq."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2520-6833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chak-Lam","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SH Ho Urology Center, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8757-6867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher C.K.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor\u2019s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1481-0296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Suslik","family":"Zylbersztejn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fleury Group and Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9326-5598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Pescatori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynepro Medical, Bologna, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3373-3668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1198-9144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fotios","family":"Dimitriadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Urology Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6463-2494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Germar-Michael","family":"Pinggera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7291-0316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Maria","family":"Busetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Organ Transplantation, Ospedali Riuniti of Foggia, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1286-1521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Balercia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9290-5699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianmaria","family":"Salvio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1431-1777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni M.","family":"Colpi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Unit, Procrea Institute, Lugano, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7891-9450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00f6khan","family":"\u00c7eker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Samsun Vezirk\u00f6pr\u00fc State Hospital, Samsun, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7404-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisanori","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5549-3274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hussein","family":"Kandil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fakih IVF Fertility Center, Abu Dhabi, UAE."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0566-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Jun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea."},{"name":"Medical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2765-6176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Israel","family":"Maldonado Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Citmer Reproductive Medicine, IVF LAB, Mexico City, Mexico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6308-1763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"de la Rosette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Istanbul Medipol Mega University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0066-4619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao Paulo Greco","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisao de Urologia, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2403-7698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Ramsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4851-9579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro ANDROGEN, La Coru\u00f1a, Spain."},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1423-0256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Manuel Corral","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Urolog\u00eda, Hospital Cl\u00ednico de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9476-4869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kareim","family":"Khalafalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar."},{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7032-7998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kasonde","family":"Bowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Lusaka, Lusaka, Zambia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5575-6049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelton","family":"Tremellen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3909-9170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelini","family":"Evgeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cryogonia Cryopreservation Bank, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6250-4798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Rocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Caserta, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2437-7833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Gabriel","family":"Rodriguez Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Docencia e Investigaci\u00f3n, Hospital Militar Campo de Mayo, Universidad Barcelo, Buenos Aires, Argentina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9439-268X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjan","family":"Sabbaghian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1191-8154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlon","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Urology, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0107-8857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Arafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA."},{"name":"Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar."},{"name":"Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical-Qatar Doha, Qatar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8397-1560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed S.","family":"Al-Marhoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2272-235X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Tadros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8271-5218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1987-9206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osvaldo","family":"Rajmil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, Fundacio Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1928-5048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pallav","family":"Sengupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9971-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paraskevi","family":"Vogiatzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andromed Health & Reproduction, Fertility Diagnostics Laboratory, Maroussi, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7390-5837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parviz","family":"Kavoussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austin Fertility and Reproductive Medicine\/Westlake IVF, Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2934-6753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ponco","family":"Birowo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2178-0857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raghavender","family":"Kosgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Andrology, AIG Hospitals, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6830-6247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saleem","family":"Bani-Hani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9037-3318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sava","family":"Micic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, Uromedica Polyclinic, Belgrade, Serbia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6847-8826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sijo","family":"Parekattil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avant Concierge Urology & University of Central Florida, Winter Garden, FL, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8088-8710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunil","family":"Jindal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Jindal Hospital, Meerut, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1766-7453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tan V.","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, Binh Dan Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3627-0662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taymour","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology, Sexology & STIs, Faculty of Medicina, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1348-5273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuncay","family":"Toprak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2834-2726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiharu","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HORAC Grand Front Osaka Clinic, Osaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6760-0885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vineet","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Andrology and Urology, Diyos Hospital, New Delhi, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5904-5260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azin","family":"Aghamajidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9049-0215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damayanthi","family":"Durairajanayagam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7868-5949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rupin","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"18617","reference":[{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-85-20982","volume":"85","author":"Wilson","year":"1954","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12272","volume":"72","author":"Vazquez-Levin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00302-1","volume":"70","author":"Mazumdar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acuro.2012.11.003","volume":"37","author":"Restrepo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Actas Urol Esp"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.02.011","volume":"30","author":"Kaur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.2741\/2280","volume":"12","author":"Francavilla","year":"2007","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/7.5.450","volume":"7","author":"Lombardo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref8","volume-title":"WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2010","edition":"5"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref9","first-page":"292","volume-title":"WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2021","edition":"6"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1993.tb01197.x","volume":"16","author":"Sinisi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78355-8_4","volume-title":"Andrology: male reproductive health and dysfunction","author":"T\u00fcttelmann","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2015.08.002","volume":"112","author":"Bozhedomov","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref13","first-page":"QC01","volume":"10","author":"Yasin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref14","volume-title":"EAU guidelines","author":"European Association of Urology (EAU)","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1994.tb00849.x","volume":"31","author":"Heidenreich","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dez030","volume":"34","author":"Barbonetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001521","volume":"205","author":"Schlegel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.11.016","volume":"115","author":"Schlegel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref19","volume-title":"2021 Surveys and anatomic pathology education programs","author":"College of American Pathologists","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BSR20191769","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20191769","volume":"40","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.01.033","volume":"444","author":"Cui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der074","volume":"26","author":"Zini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2010.09.002","volume":"88","author":"Zini","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref24","first-page":"73","volume":"14","author":"Bonyadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Reprod Infertil"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref25","first-page":"31","volume":"38","author":"Hellema","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1996.tb02782.x","volume":"28","author":"Mahmoud","year":"1996","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1159\/000020060","volume":"36","author":"Ko\u015far","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1159\/000282598","volume":"52","author":"H\u00f6barth","year":"1994","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_124_18","volume":"21","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)62428-5","volume":"160","author":"Sinisi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/01485010600822747","volume":"52","author":"Domagala","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Androl"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.09.004","volume":"181","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1983.tb00208.x","volume":"3","author":"Parslow","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2016.09.004","volume":"118","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-017-0684-0","volume":"40","author":"Condorelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gyobfe.2012.01.003","volume":"40","author":"Boitrelle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Fertil"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2019.04.002","volume":"135","author":"Wigby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Top Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2007.00772.x","volume":"39","author":"Kalaydjiev","year":"2007","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12697","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12697","volume":"88","author":"Thaper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13102818.2016.1258330","volume":"31","author":"Dimitrova-Dikanarova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref41","first-page":"183","volume":"21","author":"Piroozmand","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Reprod Infertil"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/01.smj.0000197036.08282.70","volume":"99","author":"Djaladat","year":"2006","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0378(94)90011-6","volume":"27","author":"Dimitrov","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12519","volume":"76","author":"Ver\u00f3n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref45","unstructured":"Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA\/ASRM guideline [Internet]. Linthicum Heights (MD). American Urological Association. c2020. cited 2021 Jun 30. Available from: https:\/\/www.auanet.org\/guidelines\/guidelines\/male-infertility"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22844","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22844","volume":"6","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref47","unstructured":"College of American Pathologists. Laboratory accreditation program: reproductive laboratory checklist [Internet]. Northfield (IL). College of American Pathologists. c2007. cited 2021 Aug 10. Available from: https:\/\/webapps.cap.org\/apps\/docs\/laboratory_accreditation\/checklists\/reproductive_laboratory_sep07.pdf"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-2115(95)02539-1","volume":"69","author":"Omu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90548-J","volume":"335","author":"Hendry","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)91554-X","volume":"2","author":"Hendry","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/10.1.142","volume":"10","author":"L\u00e4hteenm\u00e4ki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138612","volume":"9","author":"R\u00e4s\u00e4nen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/10.1.103","volume":"10","author":"Sharma","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-011-0034-7","volume":"61","author":"Nagaria","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol India"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1446-7","volume":"58","author":"Taiyeb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.05.091","volume":"671","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1987.tb04986.x","volume":"60","author":"Adeghe","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.6.1165","volume":"12","author":"Ombelet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.02.089","volume":"86","author":"Clarke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2005.00274.x","volume":"54","author":"Vujisi\u0107","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-55382007000600007","volume":"33","author":"Esteves","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Braz J Urol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022578322024","volume":"15","author":"Mercan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa070","volume":"35","author":"Barbonetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756287220981488","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287220981488","volume":"13","author":"El-Sherbiny","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Urol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/aan.50.2.93.95","volume":"50","author":"Check","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Androl"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001520","volume":"205","author":"Schlegel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)63748-0","volume":"159","author":"Lin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.5534\/wjmh.210164_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09774.x","volume":"103","author":"Poulton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"}],"container-title":["The World Journal of Men's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/wjmh.org\/pdf\/10.5534\/wjmh.210164","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wjmh.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.5534\/wjmh.210164","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/wjmh.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.5534\/wjmh.210164","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T04:53:59Z","timestamp":1656305639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wjmh.org\/DOIx.php?id=10.5534\/wjmh.210164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5534\/wjmh.210164","relation":{},"ISSN":["2287-4208","2287-4690"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2287-4208","type":"print"},{"value":"2287-4690","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-24","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-13","name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-23","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-01","name":"published_online","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2022 Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"Copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","explanation":{"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},"group":{"name":"Copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}