{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:22:28Z","timestamp":1788412948909,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Korean Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.e-arm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Rehabil Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective To investigate the effect of aqua therapy resistance exercise on arm volume, pain, and shoulder range of movements in post-mastectomy lymphedema.Methods This was a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Fifty eligible breast cancer survivors (median, 10 years after surgery) with lymphedema (median, 21% inter-limb difference) were assigned randomly to group A (n=25) or control group B (n=25). The study group underwent 60 minutes of aqua therapy exercise comprising of warm-up for 10 minutes, 40 minutes of strengthening exercises, and 10 minutes of cooling down, three times a week for 8 weeks. The control group underwent 60 minutes of land-based exercise three times a week for 8 weeks. Arm volume calculated by measuring the arm circumference, shoulder flexion, and abduction range of motion (ROM), and pain using a visual analog scale (VAS) were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment.Results There was a statistically significant difference in limb volume, shoulder flexion and abduction ROM, and VAS scores in favor of the study group (p&lt;0.001) after 8 weeks of intervention. The mean\u00b1standard deviation for limb volume, shoulder flexion, abduction, and pain score were 2,108.71\u00b1200.97 mL, 169.68\u00b0\u00b14.54\u00b0, 150.44\u00b0\u00b13.92\u00b0, and 3.16\u00b11.1 in the study group and 2,256.41\u00b1186.94 mL, 147.36\u00b0\u00b15.32\u00b0, 131.32\u00b0\u00b14.38\u00b0, and 5.68\u00b10.94 in the control group, respectively.Conclusion Adding aqua therapy resistance exercise to routine physical therapy might be more effective in decreasing the limb volume and pain intensity and improving ROM of the shoulder in postmastectomy lymphedema.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.20127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T00:34:48Z","timestamp":1618360488000},"page":"131-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5535\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effect of Aqua Therapy Exercises on Postmastectomy Lymphedema: A Prospective Randomized Controlled 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(VAS Pain), Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), Short Form-36 Bodily Pain Scale (SF-36 BPS), and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP)","author":"Hawker","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Aquatic therapy for the patient with lymphedema","author":"Jamison","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Aquatic physiotherapy and breast cancer related lymphoedema","author":"Box"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Lymphedema and aquatics with measurement by perometer (LAMP)","author":"Geigle"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0000000000001355"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.09.012"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa0810118"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"747","volume-title":"Physiological response 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