{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T08:15:33Z","timestamp":1768810533926,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Korean Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630281600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002507","name":"Kangwon National University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002507","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003624","name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003624","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-arm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Rehabil Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective To investigate whether lumbar lordosis (LL) and lumbar segmental lordosis (LSL) are related to sex, age, low back pain (LBP), and lumbar disc space narrowing (DSN).Methods A total of 569 farmers were recruited. In lateral spine radiograph, LL (L1\u2013L5) and LSL (L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5) were measured using Cobb\u2019s method. The differences in LSL values (\u0394LSL) according to the presence or absence of a DSN were calculated as LSLDSN \u2013 LSLnoDSN for each DSN level.Results In male, the lateral spine radiograph showed significantly greater L4-LSL and L5-LSL and smaller L1-LSL and L2-LSL compared to female. LLs in the 50\u201359 and \u226560 years age groups were significantly smaller compared to those in the &lt;50 years age group. In subjects with LBP, LL and L4-LSL were significantly smaller than in those without. The \u0394LSLs at the disc level with DSN showed the greatest decrease: L1-\u0394LSL (\u0394-3.99\u00b0), L2-\u0394LSL (\u0394-3.31\u00b0), L3-\u0394LSL (\u0394-2.87\u00b0), L4-\u0394LSL (\u0394-3.31\u00b0), and L5-\u0394LSL (\u0394-4.44\u00b0) in L1\/2, L2\/3, L3\/4, L4\/5, and L5\/S1 DSN, respectively. Conversely, distant \u0394LSLs were inversely increased: L1-LSL (\u03940.75\u00b0) with L4\/5 DSN and L2-LSL (\u03940.94\u00b0) with L5\/S1 DSN.Conclusion Sagittal plane alignment was significantly associated with sex, age, LBP, and DSN. LSLs around the levels of DSN were decreased, and there was compensational increase of LSL distant to the DSN to maintain the overall LL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.21037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T02:29:09Z","timestamp":1630463349000},"page":"294-303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5535\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Association Between Sagittal Plane Alignment and Disc Space Narrowing of Lumbar Spine in Farmers"],"prefix":"10.5535","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3516-3136","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ki 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