{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:08:16Z","timestamp":1777586896955,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Energy Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lack of access to electricity has been considered a major impediment to the growth and development of rural economies. Thus, the provision of electricity and other forms of modern energy has been a priority for many development organizations, including the World Bank. However, few impact studies of electrification have taken the endogeneity of the grid connection into account. Using a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2005 of 20,900 rural households in Bangladesh, this paper examines the welfare impacts of household access to grid electricity after controlling for endogeneity bias. The econometric analysis shows that grid electrification has significant positive impacts on household income, expenditure, and education. The household gain in total income due to electrification is as high as 21 percent, with a 1.5 percentage point reduction in poverty per year. The results also suggest that the income and expenditure effects ofelectricity connection are higher for better-off households.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>doi: 10.5547\/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-8<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5547\/issn0195-6574-ej-vol33-no1-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,9]],"date-time":"2012-08-09T18:14:20Z","timestamp":1344536060000},"page":"187-206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["The Welfare Impacts of Rural Electrification in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Shahidur R.","family":"Khandker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas F.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank (Senior Energy Consultant), Washington, DC 20433."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hussain A.","family":"Samad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Bank (Consultant), Washington, DC 20433."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.03.005"},{"key":"bibr2-ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","volume-title":"World Bank Public Utilities Report","author":"Anderson Dennis","year":"1975"},{"key":"bibr3-ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","unstructured":"Barkat Abul, Rahman M., Zaman S., Podder A., Halim S., Ratna N., Majid M., Maksud A., Karim A., Islam S. (2002). Economic and Social Impact Evaluation Study of the Rural Electrification Program in Bangladesh. Report to the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) International, Dhaka."},{"key":"bibr4-ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","unstructured":"BETS and BUP (Bangladesh Engineering and Technological Services Ltd. and Bangladesh Unnayan Parishad (2006). Socio-economic Monitoring and Impact E-valuation of Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Program in Bangladesh: A Baseline Survey. Report prepared for the Rural Electrification Board, Dhaka."},{"key":"bibr5-ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","volume-title":"World Bank Discussion Paper","author":"Mark Blackden C."},{"key":"bibr6-ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","unstructured":"Burlando Alfredo (2010). \u201cWhen the Lights Go Out: The Consequences of Prolonged Blackouts in Africa.\u201d University of Oregon, Eugene (mimeo)."},{"key":"bibr7-ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","unstructured":"Dinkelman Taryn (2010). \u201cThe Effects of Rural Electrification on Employment: New Evidence from South Africa.\u201d Princeton University (mimeo)."},{"key":"bibr8-ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","volume-title":"CeMMAP Working Paper","author":"Frolich Marcus","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr9-ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","volume-title":"Manski and Daniel McFadden","author":"Heckman James","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr10-ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598765"},{"key":"bibr11-ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","volume-title":"Draft Report","author":"Meier Peter","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr12-ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","unstructured":"Nieuwenhout F.D.J., van de Rijt PJ.N.M., Wiggelinkhuizen E.J. (1998). \u201cRural Lighting Services.\u201d Paper prepared for the World Bank, Netherlands Energy Research Foundation, Petten."},{"key":"bibr13-ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/978-0-8213-6878-7"},{"key":"bibr14-ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","unstructured":"REB (Rural Electrification Board) (2010). Available at www.reb.gov.bd\/index.htm."},{"key":"bibr15-ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","unstructured":"USAID (United States Agency for International Development). 2006. Integrity in Bangladesh\u2019s Rural Electrification. Report prepared by Nathan Associates, Inc. for USAID."},{"key":"bibr16-ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","volume-title":"The Challenges of Rural Electrification: Strategies for Developing Countries, ed. Douglas F. Barnes","author":"Waddle Daniel B","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr17-ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","volume-title":"Energy Sector Management Assistance Program","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr18-ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","unstructured":"World Bank (2002b). \u201cRural Electrification and Development in the Philippines: Measuring the Social and Economic Benefits.\u201d Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) Report No. 255\/02.\tWashington, DC: World Bank."},{"key":"bibr19-ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/978-0-8213-7367-5"}],"container-title":["The Energy Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5547\/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.5547\/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T20:09:16Z","timestamp":1777406956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.5547\/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5547\/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-7"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5547\/issn0195-6574-ej-vol33-no1-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-6574","1944-9089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-6574","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-9089","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]}}}