{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:47:09Z","timestamp":1785332829161,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Japan Atherosclerosis Society","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAT","J Atheroscler Thromb"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.5551\/jat.50591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T22:03:46Z","timestamp":1576015426000},"page":"534-544","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Metabolic Syndrome and Related Factors in Chinese Children and Adolescents: Analysis from a Chinese National Study"],"prefix":"10.5551","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yanna","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghua","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayou","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Central South University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Shanghai Institute of Preventive Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningxia Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dehong","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Health Supervision Bureau"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Sangild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Sport, University of Copenhagen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biraj M","family":"Karmacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu University, Nepal. & Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Sun Yat-sen University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3489","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1) Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J: Metabolic syndrome--a new world-wide definition. A Consensus Statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Diabetic medicine, 2006; 23: 469-480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2) Povel CM, Beulens JW, van der Schouw YT, Dolle ME, Spijkerman AM, Verschuren WM, Feskens EJ, Boer JM: Metabolic syndrome model definitions predicting type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes care, 2013; 36: 362-368","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-2546"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3) Glueck CJ, Woo JG, Khoury PR, Morrison JA, Daniels SR, Wang P: Adolescent oligomenorrhea (age 14-19) tracks into the third decade of life (age 20-28) and predicts increased cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome. Metabolism, clinical and experimental, 2015; 64: 539-553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.01.005"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4) Cook S, Weitzman M, Auinger P, Nguyen M, Dietz WH: Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2003; 157: 821-827","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.8.821"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5) de Ferranti SD, Gauvreau K, Ludwig DS, Neufeld EJ, Newburger JW, Rifai N: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in American adolescents: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Circulation, 2004; 110: 2494-2497","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000145117.40114.C7"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6) Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Kaufman F, Tajima N, Silink M, Arslanian S, Wong G, Bennett P, Shaw J, Caprio S et al: The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents - an IDF consensus report. Pediatric diabetes, 2007; 8: 299-306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2007.00271.x"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7) Aboul Ella NA, Shehab DI, Ismail MA, Maksoud AA: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance among Egyptian adolescents 10 to 18 years of age. Journal of clinical lipidology, 2010; 4: 185-195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2010.03.007"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8) Duncan GE, Li SM, Zhou XH: Prevalence and trends of a metabolic syndrome phenotype among u.s. Adolescents, 1999-2000. Diabetes care, 2004; 27: 2438-2443","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.10.2438"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9) Ford ES, Li C, Zhao G, Pearson WS, Mokdad AH: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among U.S. adolescents using the definition from the International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes care, 2008; 31: 587-589","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1030"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10) MacPherson M, de Groh M, Loukine L, Prud'homme D, Dubois L: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in Canadian children and adolescents: Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1 (2007-2009) and Cycle 2 (2009-2011). Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada: research, policy and practice, 2016; 36: 32-40","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.36.2.03"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11) Hossain P, Kawar B, El Nahas M: Obesity and diabetes in the developing world--a growing challenge. The New England journal of medicine, 2007; 356: 213-215","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp068177"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12) Stevens J, Truesdale KP, Katz EG, Cai J: Impact of body mass index on incident hypertension and diabetes in Chinese Asians, American Whites, and American Blacks: the People's Republic of China Study and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. American journal of epidemiology, 2008; 167: 1365-1374","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn060"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13) Deurenberg P, Deurenberg-Yap M, Guricci S: Asians are different from Caucasians and from each other in their body mass index\/body fat per cent relationship. Obesity reviews: an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2002; 3: 141-146","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-789X.2002.00065.x"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14) Ma GS, Ji CY, Ma J, Mi J, Yt Sung R, Xiong F, Yan WL, Hu XQ, Li YP, Du SM et al: Waist circumference reference values for screening cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese children and adolescents. Biomedical and environmental sciences, 2010; 2321-2331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-3988(10)60027-X"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15) Baxi R, Vasan SK, Hansdak S, Samuel P, Jeyaseelan V, Geethanjali FS, Murray RR, Venkatesan P, Thomas N: Parental determinants of metabolic syndrome among adolescent Asian Indians: A cross-sectional analysis of parent-offspring trios. Journal of diabetes, 2016; 8: 494-501","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12319"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16) Xiao X, Zhang ZX, Li WH, Feng K, Sun Q, Cohen HJ, Xu T, Wang H, Liu AM, Gong XM et al: Low birth weight is associated with components of the metabolic syndrome. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2010; 59: 1282-1286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2009.12.001"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17) Choi BY, Lee DC, Chun EH, Lee JY: The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Childhood Maternal Education Level, Job Status Findings from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination, 2007-2009. Korean journal of family medicine, 2014; 35: 207-215","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.2014.35.4.207"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18) Chen Y, Ma L, Ma Y, Wang H, Luo J, Zhang X, Luo C, Wang H, Zhao H, Pan D et al: A national school-based health lifestyles interventions among Chinese children and adolescents against obesity: rationale, design and methodology of a randomized controlled trial in China. BMC public health, 2015; 15: 210","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1516-9"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19) F Wang QG, S Wang, Q Li, PD Jones: A new estimation of urbanization's contribution to the warming trend in China. Journal of Climate, 2015; 28: 8923","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-14-00427.1"},{"key":"20","unstructured":"20) China Statistical Yearbook: National Bureau of Statistics of China (2016). http: \/\/www.stats.gov.cn\/tjsj\/ndsj\/2016\/ indexch.htm. Accessed 16 April 2019"},{"key":"21","unstructured":"21) International statistics classification of diseases and related health problems (WHO 10th revision, Chapter XVI). (2016) World Health Organization. http: \/\/apps.who.int\/classifications\/icd10\/browse\/2016\/en#\/P07.0. Accessed 16 April 2019"},{"key":"22","unstructured":"22) World Health Organization. (2007) WHO growth reference for children aged between 5-19 years. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/growthref\/who2007_bmi_ for_age\/en\/. Accessed 26th August 2019."},{"key":"23","unstructured":"23) Chinese Work Group of Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome of children and adolescent students in Chinese six cities. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi, 2013; 51: 409-413"},{"key":"24","unstructured":"24) Ye P, Yan Y, Ding W, Dong H, Liu Q, Huang G, Mi J: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Chinese children and adolescents: a Meta-analysis. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi, 2015; 36: 884-888"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25) Kim S, So WY: Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Adolescents According to the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III and International Diabetes Federation. Nutrients, 2016; 8: pii: E588","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8100588"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26) Song Y, Wang HJ, Dong B, Ma J, Wang Z, Agardh A: 25-year trends in gender disparity for obesity and overweight by using WHO and IOTF definitions among Chinese school-aged children: a multiple cross-sectional study. BMJ open, 2016; 6: e011904","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011904"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27) Wang J, Zhu Y, Cai L, Jing J, Chen Y, Mai J, Ma L, Ma Y, Ma J: Metabolic syndrome and its associated early-life factors in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Guangzhou, China. Public health nutrition, 2016; 19: 1147-1154","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980015002542"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28) Li R, Li W, Lun Z, Zhang H, Sun Z, Kanu JS, Qiu S, Cheng Y, Liu Y: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Mainland China: a meta-analysis of published studies. BMC public health, 2016; 16: 296","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2870-y"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29) Li P, Jiang R, Li L, Liu C, Yang F, Qiu Y: Prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in school adolescents of northeast China. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 2014; 27: 525-532","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2013-0336"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30) Xi B, Li H, Li S, Mi J: Recent prevalence of hypertension among Chinese children and adolescents based on 2010 China national blood pressure references. International journal of cardiology, 2014; 174: 870-871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.04.214"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31) Zhou Y, Wang S, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Wang T: Prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents increased rapidly in Chinese rural regions while level off in urban areas. International journal of cardiology, 2016; 223: 61-62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.08.169"},{"key":"32","unstructured":"32) Zhang JG, Wang ZH, Du WW, Su C, Jiang HR, Huang FF, Jia XF, Ouyang YF, Li L, Wang Y: Dietary sodium intake of adult residents in 15 provinces of China in 2015. Chinese journal of preventive medicine, 2019; 53: 455-458"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33) Zhao L, Stamler J, Yan LL, Zhou B, Wu Y, Liu K, Daviglus ML, Dennis BH, Elliott P, Ueshima H et al: Blood pressure differences between northern and southern Chinese: role of dietary factors: the International Study on Macronutrients and Blood Pressure. Hypertension, 2004; 43: 1332-1337","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000128243.06502.bc"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34) Zhang D, Liu X, Liu Y, Sun X, Wang B, Ren Y, Zhao Y, Zhou J, Han C, Yin L: Leisure-time physical activity and incident metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2017; 75: 36-44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.08.001"},{"key":"35","unstructured":"35) J. Mi TYW, L.H. Meng: Development of blood pressure reference standards for Chinese children and adolescents. Chin J Evid Based Pediatr, 2010; 5: 4-14"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36) Ansari H, Qorbani M, Rezaei F, Djalalinia S, Asadi M, Miranzadeh S, Motlagh ME, Bayat S, Safiri S, Safari O: Association of birth weight with abdominal obesity and weight disorders in children and adolescents: the weight disorder survey of the CASPIAN-IV Study. Journal of cardiovascular and thoracic research, 2017; 9: 140-146","DOI":"10.15171\/jcvtr.2017.24"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37) Suder A, Chrzanowska M: Risk factors for abdominal obesity in children and adolescents from Cracow, Poland (1983-2000). Journal of biosocial science, 2015; 47: 203-219","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932013000606"}],"container-title":["Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jat\/27\/6\/27_50591\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,6]],"date-time":"2020-06-06T03:47:12Z","timestamp":1591415232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jat\/27\/6\/27_50591\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5551\/jat.50591","relation":{},"ISSN":["1340-3478","1880-3873"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1340-3478","type":"print"},{"value":"1880-3873","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]}}}