{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:39:57Z","timestamp":1791866397136,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Japan Atherosclerosis Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAT","J Atheroscler Thromb"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"DOI":"10.5551\/jat.51961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,10]],"date-time":"2019-11-10T22:03:31Z","timestamp":1573423411000},"page":"669-682","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in a Japanese Community"],"prefix":"10.5551","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Mayu","family":"Higashioka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoko","family":"Sakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University"},{"name":"Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Honda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Hata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University"},{"name":"Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daigo","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichiro","family":"Hirakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mao","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University"},{"name":"Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanari","family":"Kitazono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruhiko","family":"Osawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiharu","family":"Ninomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University"},{"name":"Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3489","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1) Finegold JA, Asaria P, Francis DP: Mortality from ischaemic heart disease by country, region, and age: statistics from World Health Organisation and United Nations. Int J Cardiol, 2013; 168: 934-945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.10.046"},{"key":"2","unstructured":"2) World Health Organization: Fact-sheets of cardiovascular disease. http: \/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/ detail\/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds). Accessed on July 16, 2019"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3) Sampson UK, Fazio S, Linton MF: Residual cardiovascular risk despite optimal LDL cholesterol reduction with statins: the evidence, etiology, and therapeutic challenges. Curr Atheroscler Rep, 2012; 14: 1-10","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-011-0219-7"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4) Banach M, Serban C, Sahebkar A, Mikhailidis DP, Ursoniu S, Ray KK, Rysz J, Toth PP, Muntner P, Mosteoru S, Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda HM, Hovingh GK, Kastelein JJ, Serruys PW; Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration (LBPMC) Group: Impact of statin therapy on coronary plaque composition: a systematic review and metaanalysis of virtual histology intravascular ultrasound studies. BMC Med, 2015; 13: 229","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0459-4"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5) Wilson PW, D&apos;Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB: Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation, 1998; 97: 1837-1847","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.18.1837"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6) Imamura T, Doi Y, Arima H, Yonemoto K, Hata J, Kubo M, Tanizaki Y, Ibayashi S, Iida M, Kiyohara Y: LDL cholesterol and the development of stroke subtypes and coronary heart disease in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama study. Stroke, 2009; 40: 382-388","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.529537"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7) Stampfer MJ, Krauss RM, Ma J, Blanche PJ, Holl LG, Sacks FM, Hennekens CH: A prospective study of triglyceride level, low-density lipoprotein particle diameter, and risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA, 1996; 276: 882-888","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.276.11.882"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8) Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, Blackwell L, Buck G, Pollicino C, Kirby A, Sourjina T, Peto R, Collins R, Simes R; Cholesterol Treatment Trialists&apos; (CTT) Collaborators: Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet, 2005; 366: 1267- 1278","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67394-1"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9) Law MR, Wald NJ, Rudnicka AR: Quantifying effect of statins on low density lipoprotein cholesterol, ischaemic heart disease, and stroke: systematic review and metaanalysis. BMJ, 2003; 326: 1423","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7404.1423"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10) Sachdeva A, Cannon CP, Deedwania PC, Labresh KA, Smith SC Jr, Dai D, Hernandez A, Fonarow GC: Lipid levels in patients hospitalized with coronary artery disease: an analysis of 136,905 hospitalizations in Get With The Guidelines. Am Heart J, 2009; 157: 111-117. e2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.08.010"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11) Krauss RM, Burke DJ: Identification of multiple classes of plasma low density lipoproteins in normal human subjects. J Lipid Res, 1982; 23: 97-104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)38178-5"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12) Ivanova EA, Myasoedova VA, Melnichenko AA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN: Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein as Biomarker for Atherosclerotic Diseases. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2017; 2017: 1273042","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1273042"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13) de Graaf J, Hak-Lemmers HL, Hectors MP, Demacker PN, Hendriks JC, Stalenhoef AF: Enhanced susceptibility to in vitro oxidation of the dense low density lipoprotein subfraction in healthy subjects. Arterioscler Thromb, 1991; 11: 298-306","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.11.2.298"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14) Chancharme L, Therond P, Nigon F, Lepage S, Couturier M, Chapman MJ: Cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide lability is a key feature of the oxidative susceptibility of small, dense LDL. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 1999; 19: 810-820","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.3.810"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15) Swinkels DW, Hak-Lemmers HL, Demacker PN: Single spin density gradient ultracentrifugation method for the detection and isolation of light and heavy low density lipoprotein subfractions. J Lipid Res, 1987; 28: 1233- 1239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)38613-2"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16) Nichols AV, Krauss RM, Musliner TA: Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. Methods Enzymol, 1986; 128: 417-431","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(86)28084-2"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17) Hirano T, Ito Y, Saegusa H, Yoshino G: A novel and simple method for quantification of small, dense LDL. J Lipid Res, 2003; 44: 2193-2201","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.D300007-JLR200"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18) Ito Y, Fujimura M, Ohta M, Hirano T: Development of a homogeneous assay for measurement of small dense LDL cholesterol. Clin Chem, 2011; 57: 57-65","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.149559"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19) Hoogeveen RC, Gaubatz JW, Sun W, Dodge RC, Crosby JR, Jiang J, Couper D, Virani SS, Kathiresan S, Boerwinkle E, Ballantyne CM: Small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations predict risk for coronary heart disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2014; 34: 1069-1077","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.303284"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20) Tsai MY, Steffen BT, Guan W, McClelland RL, Warnick R, McConnell J, Hoefner DM, Remaley AT: New automated assay of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol identifies risk of coronary heart disease: the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2014; 34: 196-201","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.302401"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21) Arai H, Kokubo Y, Watanabe M, Sawamura T, Ito Y, Minagawa A, Okamura T, Miyamato Y: Small dense low-density lipoproteins cholesterol can predict incident cardiovascular disease in an urban Japanese cohort: the Suita Study. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2013; 20: 195-203","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.14936"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22) Hata J, Ninomiya T, Hirakawa Y, Nagata M, Mukai N, Gotoh S, Fukuhara M, Ikeda F, Shikata K, Yoshida D, Yonemoto K, Kamouchi M, Kitazono T, Kiyohara Y: Secular trends in cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Japanese: half-century data from the Hisayama Study (1961-2009). Circulation, 2013; 128: 1198-1205","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002424"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23) Sakata S, Hata J, Fukuhara M, Yonemoto K, Mukai N, Yoshida D, Kishimoto H, Ohtsubo T, Kitazono T, Kiyohara Y, Ninomiya T: Morning and evening blood pressures are associated with intima-media thickness in a general population: the Hisayama Study. Circ J, 2017; 81: 1647-1653","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-16-1306"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24) Thygesen K, Alpert JS, White HD: Joint ESC\/ACCF\/AHA\/WHF task force for the redefinition of myocardial Infarction. Universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J, 2007; 28: 2525-2538","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm355"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25) Ninomiya T: Japanese Legacy Cohort Studies: The Hisayama Study. J Epidemiol, 2018; 28: 444-451","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20180150"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27) Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC: Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia, 1985; 28: 412-419","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28) Horio M, Imai E, Yasuda Y, Watanabe T, Matsuo S: Modification of the CKD epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation for Japanese: accuracy and use for population estimates. Am J Kidney Dis, 2010; 56: 32-38","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.02.344"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29) Newson RB: Compariong the predictive power of survival models using Harrell&apos;s C or Somers&apos; D. Stata J, 2010; 10: 339-358","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1001000303"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30) Pencina MJ1, D&apos;Agostino RB Sr, Steyerberg EW: Extensions of net reclassification improvement calculations to measure usefulness of new biomarkers. Stat Med, 2011; 30: 11-21","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4085"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31) Perkins NJ, Schisterman EF: The inconsistency of \u201coptimal\u201d cutpoints obtained using two criteria based on the receiver operating characteristic curve. Am J Epidemiol, 2006; 163: 670-675","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj063"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32) Prospective Studies Collaboration, Lewington S, Whitlock G, Clarke R, Sherliker P, Emberson J, Halsey J, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R: Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure: a metaanalysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55,000 vascular deaths. Lancet, 2007; 370: 1829-1839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61778-4"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33) Mills EJ, Rachlis B, Wu P, Devereaux PJ, Arora P, Perri D: Primary prevention of cardiovascular mortality and events with statin treatments: a network meta-analysis involving more than 65,000 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2008; 52: 1769-1781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.08.039"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34) Okazaki M, Usui S, Ishigami M, Sakai N, Nakamura T, Matsuzawa Y, Yamashita S: Identification of unique lipoprotein subclasses for visceral obesity by component analysis of cholesterol profile in high-performance liquid chromatography. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2005; 25: 578-584","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000155017.60171.88"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35) Goff DC Jr, D&apos;Agostino RB Jr, Haffner SM, Otvos JD: Insulin resistance and adiposity influence lipoprotein size and subclass concentrations. Results from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Metabolism, 2005; 54: 264-270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2004.09.002"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36) Galeano NF, Al-Haideri M, Keyserman F, Rumsey SC, Deckelbaum RJ: Small dense low density lipoprotein has increased affinity for LDL receptor-independent cell surface binding sites: a potential mechanism for increased atherogenicity. J Lipid Res, 1998; 39: 1263-1273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)32551-7"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37) Anber V, Griffin BA, McConnell M, Packard CJ, Shepherd J: Influence of plasma lipid and LDL-subfraction profile on the interaction between low density lipoprotein with human arterial wall proteoglycans. Atherosclerosis, 1996; 124: 261-271","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(96)05842-X"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38) Tribble DL, Rizzo M, Chait A, Lewis DM, Blanche PJ, Krauss RM, Tribble DL: Enhanced oxidative susceptibility and reduced antioxidant content of metabolic precursors of small, dense low-density lipoproteins. Am J Med, 2001; 110: 103-110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00700-2"},{"key":"38","unstructured":"39) Food and Drug Administration: 510(k) Substantial equivalence determination decision summary assay only template. https: \/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/cdrh_docs\/reviews\/K161679.pdf. Accessed on July 16, 2019"}],"container-title":["Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jat\/27\/7\/27_51961\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T04:50:29Z","timestamp":1611895829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jat\/27\/7\/27_51961\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5551\/jat.51961","relation":{},"ISSN":["1340-3478","1880-3873"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1340-3478","type":"print"},{"value":"1880-3873","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]}}}