{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:44:33Z","timestamp":1792860273409,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Japan Atherosclerosis Society","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAT","J Atheroscler Thromb"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"DOI":"10.5551\/jat.56838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T22:06:42Z","timestamp":1603836402000},"page":"942-953","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Relationships between Smoking Status, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Lipoproteins in a Large Japanese Population"],"prefix":"10.5551","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai Occupational Health Association, ACTY Health Evaluation Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Imaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai Occupational Health Association, ACTY Health Evaluation Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Kuroshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai Occupational Health Association, Senri LC Health Evaluation Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoko","family":"Toragai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai Occupational Health Association, Senri LC Health Evaluation Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuki","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reagent R&D department, Research and development Division, Denka Co.,Ltd"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiichiro","family":"Kanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Science, Kawasaki Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernst","family":"J Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, and Tufts University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masumi","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3489","reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"1) WHO, Tobacco [updated 26 July 2019]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/tobacco (accessed 2 March 2020)"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2) Kinoshita M, Yokote K, Arai H, Iida M, Ishigaki Y, Ishibashi S, Umemoto S, Egusa G, Ohmura H, Okamura T, Kihara S, Koba S, Saito I, Shoji T, Daida H, Tsukamoto K, Deguchi J, Dohi S, Dobashi K, Hamaguchi H, Hara M, Hiro T, Biro S, Fujioka Y, Maruyama C, Miyamoto Y, Murakami Y, Yokode M, Yoshida H, Rakugi H, Wakatsuki A, Yamashita S: Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for prevention of Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Diseases 2017. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2018; 25: 846-984","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.GL2017"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3) Nakai M, Watanabe M, Kokubo Y, Nishimura K, Higashiyama A, Takegami M, Nakao M Y, Okumura T, Miyamoto Y: Development of a cardiovascular disease risk prediction model using the Suita Study, a population-based prospective cohort study in Japan. J Atheroscler Thoromb, 2020; 27: 1160-1175","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.48843"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4) Lee P N, Fry J S, Hamling J S: Using the negative exponential distribution to quantitatively review the evidence on how rapidly the excess risk of ischaemic heart disease declines following quitting smoking. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 2012; 64: 51-67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2012.06.009"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5) Lloyd-Jones D M, Huffman M D, Karmali K N, Sanghavi D, Wright J S, Pelser C, Gulati M, Masoudi F A, Goff D C Jr: Estimating Longitudinal Risks and Benefits From Cardiovascular Preventive Therapies Among Medicare Patients: The Million Hearts Longitudinal ASCVD Risk Assessment Tool: A Special Report From the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. Circulation, 2017; 135: e793-e813","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000467"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6) Duncan M S, Freiberg M S, Greevy R A Jr, Kundu S, Vasan R S, Tindle H A: Association of Smoking Cessation With Subsequent Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. JAMA, 2019; 322: 642-650","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.10298"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7) Libby P, Loscalzo J, Ridker PM, Farkouh ME, Hsue PY, Fuster V, Hasan AA, Amar S: Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection in Atherothrombosis: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2018; 72: 2071-2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.08.1043"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8) Golbidi S, Edvinsson L, Laher I: Smoking and Endothelial Dysfunction. Curr Vasc Pharmacol, 2020; 18: 1-11","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X14666180913120015"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9) Messner B, Bernhard D: Smoking and cardiovascular disease: mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and early atherogenesis. Arterioscl Throm Vas, 2014; 34: 509-515","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.300156"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10) Jain RB, Ducatman A: Associations between smoking and lipid\/lipoprotein concentrations among US adults aged &gt;\/=20 years. J Circ Biomark, 2018; 7: 1-10","DOI":"10.1177\/1849454418779310"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11) Kar D, Gillies C, Zaccardi F, Webb D, Seidu S, Tesfaye S, Davies M, Khunti K: Relationship of cardiometabolic parameters in non-smokers, current smokers, and quitters in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2016; 15: 158","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-016-0475-5"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12) Gepner AD, Piper ME, Johnson HM, Fiore MC, Baker TB, Stein JH: Effects of smoking and smoking cessation on lipids and lipoproteins: outcomes from a randomized clinical trial. Am Heart J, 2011; 161: 145-151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.09.023"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"13) Zhao X, Zhang HW, Zhang Y, Li S, Xu RX, Sun J, Zhu CG, Wu NQ, Gao Y, Guo YL, Liu G, Dong Q, Li JJ: Impact of Smoking Status on Lipoprotein Subfractions: Data from an Untreated Chinese Cohort. Biomed Environ Sci, 2017; 30: 235-243"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14) Parlesak A, Eckoldt J, Winkler K, Bode CJ, Schafer C: Intercorrelations of lipoprotein subfractions and their covariation with lifestyle factors in healthy men. J Clin Biochem Nutr, 2014; 54: 174-180","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.13-78"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15) Otokozawa S, Ai M, Asztalos BF, White CC, Demissie-Banjaw S, Cupples LA, Nakajima K, Wilson PW, Schaefer EJ: Direct assessment of plasma low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and coronary heart disease: results from the Framingham Offspring Study. Atherosclerosis, 2010; 213: 251-255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2010.02.041"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16) Hirano T, Ito Y, Saegusa H, Yoshino G: A novel and simple method for quantification of small, dense LDL. J Lipid Res, 2003; 44: 2193-2201","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.D300007-JLR200"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17) Ito Y, Fujimura M, Ohta M, Hirano T: Development of a homogeneous assay for measurement of small dense LDL cholesterol. Clin Chem, 2011; 57: 57-65","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.149559"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18) Ai M, Otokozawa S, Asztalos BF, Ito Y, Nakajima K, White CC, Cupples LA, Wilson PW, Schaefer EJ: Small dense LDL cholesterol and coronary heart disease: results from the Framingham Offspring Study. Clin Chem, 2010; 56: 967-976","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2009.137489"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19) Ai M, Otokozawa S, Asztalos BF, Nakajima K, Stein E, Jones PH, Schaefer EJ: Effects of maximal doses of atorvastatin versus rosuvastatin on small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Am J Cardiol, 2008; 101: 315-318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.08.035"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20) Ikezaki H, Ai M, Schaefer EJ, Otokozawa S, Asztalos BF, Nakajima K, Zhou Y, Liu CT, Jacques PF, Cupples LA, Furusyo N: Cardiovascular disease prevalence and insulin resistance in the Kyushu-Okinawa Population Study and the Framingham Offspring Study. J Clin Lipidol, 2017; 11: 348-356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2017.01.014"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21) Hsu H, Hsu P, Ming-Hui C, Ito Y, Kanda E, Schaefer EJ, Ai M: Lipoprotein Subfractions in Prediabetes and Diabetes in Taiwan. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2019; 26: 890-914","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.48330"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22) Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS: Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin chem, 1972; 18: 499-502","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499"},{"key":"23","unstructured":"23) The Japanese Society of Hypertension: The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension 2019 (JSH2019), Lifescience Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, 2019"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24) Chelland Campbell S, Moffatt RJ, Stamford BA: Smoking and smoking cessation -- the relationship between cardiovascular disease and lipoprotein metabolism: a review. Atherosclerosis, 2008; 201: 225-235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.046"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25) Chajek-Shaul T, Berry EM, Ziv E, Friedman G, Stein O, Scherer G, Stein Y: Smoking depresses adipose lipoprotein lipase response to oral glucose. Eur J Clin Invest, 1990; 20: 299-304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1990.tb01859.x"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26) McNamara JR, Jenner JL, Li Z, Wilson PW, Schaefer EJ: Change in LDL particle size is associated with change in plasma triglyceride concentration. Arterioscler Thromb, 1992; 12: 1284-1290","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.12.11.1284"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27) Austin MA, Breslow JL, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Willett WC, Krauss RM: Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA, 1988; 260: 1917-1921","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.260.13.1917"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28) Campos H, Genest JJ Jr, Blijlevens E, McNamara JR, Jenner JL, Ordovas JM, Wilson PW, Schaefer EJ: Low density lipoprotein particle size and coronary artery disease. Arterioscle Thromb, 1992; 12: 187-195","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.12.2.187"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29) Eliasson B, Mero N, Taskinen MR, Smith U: The insulin resistance syndrome and postprandial lipid intolerance in smokers. Atherosclerosis, 1997; 129: 79-88","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(96)06028-5"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30) Kong C, Nimmo L, Elatrozy T, Anyaoku V, Hughes C, Robinson S, Richmond W, Elkeles RS: Smoking is associated with increased hepatic lipase activity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and early atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis, 2001; 156: 373-378","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(00)00664-X"},{"key":"31","unstructured":"31) National Institute of Health and Nutrition Japan, The National Health and Nutrition Survey Japan, 2017. https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/stf\/seisakunitsuite\/bunya\/kenkou_iryou\/kenkou\/eiyou\/h29-houkoku.html (accessed 2 March 2020)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jat\/28\/9\/28_56838\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T04:11:05Z","timestamp":1630728665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jat\/28\/9\/28_56838\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5551\/jat.56838","relation":{},"ISSN":["1340-3478","1880-3873"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1340-3478","type":"print"},{"value":"1880-3873","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"article-number":"56838"}}