{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T22:30:50Z","timestamp":1793485850695,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Japan Atherosclerosis Society","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAT","J Atheroscler Thromb"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"DOI":"10.5551\/jat.rv22058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T22:11:12Z","timestamp":1787091072000},"page":"1311-1322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in Coronary Artery Disease: From Molecular Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Lymphangiogenesis"],"prefix":"10.5551","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Hiromichi","family":"Wada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Kotani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Community and Family Medicine, Jichi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moritake","family":"Iguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3489","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1) Huang LH, Lavine KJ, Randolph GJ. Cardiac Lymphatic Vessels, Transport, and Healing of the Infarcted Heart. JACC Basic Transl Sci, 2017; 2: 477-483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.02.005"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2) Vuorio T, Tirronen A, Yl\u00e4-Herttuala S. Cardiac Lymphatics - A New Avenue for Therapeutics? Trends Endocrinol Metab, 2017; 28: 285-296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.12.002"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3) Aspelund A, Robciuc MR, Karaman S, Makinen T, Alitalo K. Lymphatic System in Cardiovascular Medicine. Circ Res, 2016; 118: 515-530","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306544"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4) Zhou Y, Zhu X, Cui H, Shi J, Yuan G, Shi S, Hu Y. The Role of the VEGF Family in Coronary Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med, 2021; 8: 738325","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.738325"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5) Ravaud C, Ved N, Jackson DG, Vieira JM, Riley PR. Lymphatic Clearance of Immune Cells in Cardiovascular Disease. Cells, 2021; 10: 2594","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10102594"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6) Kutkut I, Meens MJ, McKee TA, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Kwak BR. Lymphatic vessels: an emerging actor in atherosclerotic plaque development. Eur J Clin Invest, 2015; 45: 100-108","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12372"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7) Lim HY, Thiam CH, Yeo KP, Bisoendial R, Hii CS, McGrath KC, Tan KW, Heather A, Alexander JS, Angeli V. Lymphatic vessels are essential for the removal of cholesterol from peripheral tissues by SR-BI-mediated transport of HDL. Cell Metab, 2013; 17: 671-684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.04.002"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8) Martel C, Li W, Fulp B, Platt AM, Gautier EL, Westerterp M, Bittman R, Tall AR, Chen SH, Thomas MJ, Kreisel D, Swartz MA, Sorci-Thomas MG, Randolph GJ. Lymphatic vasculature mediates macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in mice. J Clin Invest, 2013; 123: 1571-1579","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI63685"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9) Feng X, Zhang Y, Du M, Li S, Ding J, Wang J, Wang Y, Liu P. Identification of diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in peripheral immune landscape from coronary artery disease. J Transl Med, 2022; 20: 399","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03614-1"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10) Tirronen A, Vuorio T, Kettunen S, Hokkanen K, Ramms B, Niskanen H, Laakso H, Kaikkonen MU, Jauhiainen M, Gordts PLSM, Yl\u00e4-Herttuala S. Deletion of Lymphangiogenic and Angiogenic Growth Factor VEGF-D Leads to Severe Hyperlipidemia and Delayed Clearance of Chylomicron Remnants. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2018; 38: 2327-2337","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.311549"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11) Wong BW, Wong D, Luo H, McManus BM. Vascular endothelial growth factor-D is overexpressed in human cardiac allograft vasculopathy and diabetic atherosclerosis and induces endothelial permeability to low-density lipoproteins in vitro. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2011; 30: 955-962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2011.04.007"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12) Nakano T, Nakashima Y, Yonemitsu Y, Sumiyoshi S, Chen YX, Akishima Y, Ishii T, Iida M, Sueishi K. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and expression of lymphangiogenic factors in the atherosclerotic intima of human coronary arteries. Hum Pathol, 2005; 36: 330-340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2005.01.001"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13) Zhao T, Zhao W, Chen Y, Liu L, Ahokas RA, Sun Y. Differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factor isoforms and receptor subtypes in the infarcted heart. Int J Cardiol, 2013; 167: 2638-2645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.06.127"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14) Ishikawa Y, Akishima-Fukasawa Y, Ito K, Akasaka Y, Tanaka M, Shimokawa R, Kimura-Matsumoto M, Morita H, Sato S, Kamata I, Ishii T. Lymphangiogenesis in myocardial remodelling after infarction. Histopathology, 2007; 51: 345-353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2007.02785.x"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15) Born\u00e9 Y, Gr\u00e4nsbo K, Nilsson J, Melander O, Orho-Melander M, Smith JG, Engstr\u00f6m G. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D, Pulmonary Congestion, and Incidence of Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2018; 71: 580-582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.058"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16) Berntsson J, Smith JG, Johnson LSB, S\u00f6derholm M, Born\u00e9 Y, Melander O, Orho-Melander M, Nilsson J, Engstr\u00f6m G. Increased vascular endothelial growth factor D is associated with atrial fibrillation and ischaemic stroke. Heart, 2019; 105: 553-558","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2018-313684"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17) Wada H, Suzuki M, Matsuda M, Ajiro Y, Shinozaki T, Sakagami S, Yonezawa K, Shimizu M, Funada J, Takenaka T, Morita Y, Nakamura T, Fujimoto K, Matsubara H, Kato T, Unoki T, Takagi D, Wada K, Wada M, Iguchi M, Masunaga N, Ishii M, Yamakage H, Kusakabe T, Yasoda A, Shimatsu A, Kotani K, Satoh-Asahara N, Abe M, Akao M, Hasegawa K; ANOX Study Investigators. Distinct Characteristics of VEGF-D and VEGF-C to Predict Mortality in Patients With Suspected or Known Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Heart Assoc, 2020; 9: e015761","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.015761"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18) Siegbahn A, Eriksson N, Assarsson E, Lundberg M, Ballagi A, Held C, Stewart RAH, White HD, \u00c5berg M, Wallentin L. Development and validation of a quantitative Proximity Extension Assay instrument with 21 proteins associated with cardiovascular risk (CVD-21). PLoS One, 2023; 18: e0293465","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0293465"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19) Davidsson P, Eketj\u00e4ll S, Eriksson N, Walentinsson A, Becker RC, Cavallin A, Bogstedt A, Coll\u00e9n A, Held C, James S, Siegbahn A, Stewart R, Storey RF, White H, Wallentin L. Vascular endothelial growth factor-D plasma levels and VEGFD genetic variants are independently associated with outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res, 2023; 119: 1596-1605","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvad039"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20) Wada H, Suzuki M, Matsuda M, Ajiro Y, Shinozaki T, Sakagami S, Yonezawa K, Shimizu M, Funada J, Takenaka T, Morita Y, Nakamura T, Fujimoto K, Matsubara H, Kato T, Unoki T, Takagi D, Ura S, Wada K, Iguchi M, Masunaga N, Ishii M, Yamakage H, Shimatsu A, Kotani K, Satoh-Asahara N, Abe M, Akao M, Hasegawa K; ANOX Study Investigators. VEGF-C and Mortality in Patients With Suspected or Known Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Heart Assoc, 2018; 7: e010355","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010355"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21) Wada H, Ura S, Kitaoka S, Satoh-Asahara N, Horie T, Ono K, Takaya T, Takanabe-Mori R, Akao M, Abe M, Morimoto T, Murayama T, Yokode M, Fujita M, Shimatsu A, Hasegawa K. Distinct characteristics of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor-a and C levels in human subjects. PLoS One, 2011; 6: e29351","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029351"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22) Wang Y, Gabrielsen A, Lawler PR, Paulsson-Berne G, Steinbr\u00fcchel DA, Hansson GK, Kastrup J. Myocardial gene expression of angiogenic factors in human chronic ischemic myocardium: influence of acute ischemia\/cardioplegia and reperfusion. Microcirculation, 2006; 13: 187-197","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680600556811"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23) Aharinejad S, Sch\u00e4fer R, Hofbauer R, Abraham D, Blumer R, Miksovsky A, Traxler H, Pullirsch D, Alexandrowicz R, Taghavi S, Kocher A, Laufer G. Impact of cardiac transplantation on molecular pathology of ET-1, VEGF-C, and mitochondrial metabolism and morphology in dilated versus ischemic cardiomyopathic patients. Transplantation, 2001; 72: 1043-1049","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200109270-00011"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24) Drosos I, Pavlaki M, Ortega Carrillo MDP, Kourkouli A, Buschmann K, Konstantinou F, Gogiraju R, Bochenek ML, Chalikias G, Tortopidis C, Vahl CF, Mikroulis D, Tziakas D, M\u00fcnzel T, Konstantinides S, Sch\u00e4fer K. Increased Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphangiogenic Growth Factor Expression in Perivascular Adipose Tissue of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. J Clin Med, 2019; 8: 1000","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8071000"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25) Podemska-Jedrzejczak Z, Malinska A, Sujka-Kordowska P, Nowicki M, Puslecki M, Jemielity M, Perek B. Vascular restenosis in coronary artery bypass grafting might be associated with VEGF-C\/VEGFR-3 signaling pathway. Heart Vessels, 2018; 33: 1106-1120","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-018-1158-9"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26) Hsueh KC, Lin YJ, Chang JS, Wan L, Tsai YH, Tsai CH, Chen CP, Tsai FJ. Association of vascular endothelial growth factor C-634 g polymorphism in taiwanese children with Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Cardiol, 2008; 29: 292-296","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-007-9049-3"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27) Ebata R, Abe J, Yasukawa K, Hamada H, Higashi K, Suwazono Y, Saito H, Terai M, Kohno Y. Increased production of vascular endothelial growth factor-d and lymphangiogenesis in acute Kawasaki disease. Circ J, 2011; 75: 1455-1462","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-0897"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28) Glinton KE, Ma W, Lantz C, Grigoryeva LS, DeBerge M, Liu X, Febbraio M, Kahn M, Oliver G, Thorp EB. Macrophage-produced VEGFC is induced by efferocytosis to ameliorate cardiac injury and inflammation. J Clin Invest, 2022; 132: e140685","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI140685"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29) Deng S, Zhao K, Cai Z, Li Q, Li S, Zhou C, Duan Y, Wu J, Zhang L, Luo Y. Lymphatic Endothelial C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 Enhances Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Clearance of Macrophages Following Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc, 2026; 15: e039153","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.039153"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30) Cui T, Feng C, Jiang H, Jin Y, Feng J. Inhibition of PFKFB3 Expression Stimulates Macrophage-Mediated Lymphangiogenesis Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed), 2023; 28: 277","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2811277"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31) Wang C, Yue Y, Huang S, Wang K, Yang X, Chen J, Huang J, Wu Z. M2b macrophages stimulate lymphangiogenesis to reduce myocardial fibrosis after myocardial ischaemia\/reperfusion injury. Pharm Biol, 2022; 60: 384-393","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2022.2033798"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32) Park JH, Yoon JY, Ko SM, Jin SA, Kim JH, Cho CH, Kim JM, Lee JH, Choi SW, Seong IW, Jeong JO. Endothelial progenitor cell transplantation decreases lymphangiogenesis and adverse myocardial remodeling in a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction. Exp Mol Med, 2011; 43: 479-485","DOI":"10.3858\/emm.2011.43.8.054"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33) Dai XW, Luo W, Lv CL. lncRNA MIAT facilitates the differentiation of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells into lymphatic endothelial cells via the miR 495\/Prox1 axis. Mol Med Rep, 2021; 23: 323","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.11962"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34) Wang YC, Zhu Y, Meng WT, Zheng Y, Guan XQ, Shao CL, Li XY, Hu D, Wang MZ, Guo HD. Dihydrotanshinone I improves cardiac function by promoting lymphangiogenesis after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Eur J Pharmacol, 2025; 989: 177245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177245"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35) Xu J, Wang C, Xu Y, Wang H, Wang X. Network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis reveals: NXC improves cardiac lymphangiogenesis through miR-126-3p\/SPRED1 regulating the VEGF-C axis to ameliorate post-myocardial infarction heart failure. J Ethnopharmacol, 2025; 350: 119959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.119959"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36) Zhao W, Zhao T, Chen Y, Sun Y. Angiotensin 1-7 promotes cardiac angiogenesis following infarction. Curr Vasc Pharmacol, 2015; 13: 37-42","DOI":"10.2174\/15701611113119990006"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37) Chen XG, Lv YX, Zhao D, Zhang L, Zheng F, Yang JY, Li XL, Wang L, Guo LY, Pan YM, Yan YW, Chen SY, Wang JN, Tang JM, Wan Y. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C protects heart from ischemia\/reperfusion injury by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Mol Cell Biochem, 2016; 413: 9-23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-015-2622-9"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38) Zhang Y, Bai Y, Jing Q, Qian J. Functions and Regeneration of Mature Cardiac Lymphatic Vessels in Atherosclerosis, Myocardial Infarction, and Heart Failure. Lymphat Res Biol, 2018; 16: 507-515","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2018.0023"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39) Vieira JM, Norman S, Villa Del Campo C, Cahill TJ, Barnette DN, Gunadasa-Rohling M, Johnson LA, Greaves DR, Carr CA, Jackson DG, Riley PR. The cardiac lymphatic system stimulates resolution of inflammation following myocardial infarction. J Clin Invest, 2018; 128: 3402-3412","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI97192"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40) Klotz L, Norman S, Vieira JM, Masters M, Rohling M, Dub\u00e9 KN, Bollini S, Matsuzaki F, Carr CA, Riley PR. Cardiac lymphatics are heterogeneous in origin and respond to injury. Nature, 2015; 522: 62-67","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14483"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41) Zhang H, Jiang H, Xie W, Qian B, Long Q, Qi Z, Huang S, Zhong Y, Zhang Y, Chang L, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Wang X, Ye X. LNPs-mediated VEGF-C mRNA delivery promotes heart repair and attenuates inflammation by stimulating lymphangiogenesis post-myocardial infarction. Biomaterials, 2025; 322: 123410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123410"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42) Henri O, Pouehe C, Houssari M, Galas L, Nicol L, Edwards-L\u00e9vy F, Henry JP, Dumesnil A, Boukhalfa I, Banquet S, Schapman D, Thuillez C, Richard V, Mulder P, Brakenhielm E. Selective Stimulation of Cardiac Lymphangiogenesis Reduces Myocardial Edema and Fibrosis Leading to Improved Cardiac Function Following Myocardial Infarction. Circulation, 2016; 133: 1484-1497","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.020143"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43) Chen K, Mou R, Guan Z, Teng P, Aihemaiti M, Cheng J, Xu S, Zhu P, Hu X, Li D, Wu J, Lu Y, Yuan H, Sun S, Pu X, Hu Y, Ma L, Cai J, Zhao H, Xu Q. PIEZO1-activated donor lymphatic remodeling integrates with autologous lymphangiogenesis to enhance vein graft patency in mice. Sci Transl Med, 2025; 17: eads7438","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ads7438"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44) Qiao B, Nie JJ, Shao Y, Li Y, Zhang C, Hao W, Li S, Chen D, Yu B, Li HH, Xu FJ, Du J. Functional Nanocomplexes with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A\/C Isoforms Improve Collateral Circulation and Cardiac Function. Small, 2020; 16: e1905925","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201905925"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45) Shimizu Y, Polavarapu R, Eskla KL, Pantner Y, Nicholson CK, Ishii M, Brunnhoelzl D, Mauria R, Husain A, Naqvi N, Murohara T, Calvert JW. Impact of Lymphangiogenesis on Cardiac Remodeling After Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. J Am Heart Assoc, 2018; 7: e009565","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.009565"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46) Houssari M, Dumesnil A, Tardif V, Kivel\u00e4 R, Pizzinat N, Boukhalfa I, Godefroy D, Schapman D, Hemanthakumar KA, Bizou M, Henry JP, Renet S, Riou G, Rondeaux J, Anouar Y, Adriouch S, Fraineau S, Alitalo K, Richard V, Mulder P, Brakenhielm E. Lymphatic and Immune Cell Cross-Talk Regulates Cardiac Recovery After Experimental Myocardial Infarction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2020; 40: 1722-1737","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.314370"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47) Keller TCS 4th, Lim L, Shewale SV, McDaid K, Mart\u00ed-P\u00e0mies \u00cd, Tang AT, Wittig C, Guerrero AA, Sterling S, Leu NA, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Gimotty PA, Kahn ML. Genetic blockade of lymphangiogenesis does not impair cardiac function after myocardial infarction. J Clin Invest, 2021; 131: e147070","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI147070"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48) Rissanen TT, Markkanen JE, Gruchala M, Heikura T, Puranen A, Kettunen MI, Kholov\u00e1 I, Kauppinen RA, Achen MG, Stacker SA, Alitalo K, Yl\u00e4-Herttuala S. VEGF-D is the strongest angiogenic and lymphangiogenic effector among VEGFs delivered into skeletal muscle via adenoviruses. Circ Res, 2003; 92: 1098-1106","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000073584.46059.E3"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49) Pajula J, L\u00e4hteenvuo J, L\u00e4hteenvuo M, Honkonen K, Halonen P, H\u00e4tinen OP, Kuivanen A, Heikkil\u00e4 M, Nurro J, Hartikainen J, Yl\u00e4-Herttuala S. Adenoviral VEGF-D\u2206N \u2206C gene therapy for myocardial ischemia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2022; 10: 999226","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.999226"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"50) P\u00e4til\u00e4 T, Ikonen T, Rutanen J, Ahonen A, Lommi J, Lappalainen K, Krogerus L, Ihlberg L, Partanen TA, L\u00e4hteenoja L, Virtanen K, Alitalo K, Yl\u00e4-Herttuala S, Harjula A. Vascular endothelial growth factor C-induced collateral formation in a model of myocardial ischemia. J Heart Lung Transplant, 2006; 25: 206-213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2005.08.013"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"51) Nurro J, Halonen PJ, Kuivanen A, Tarkia M, Saraste A, Honkonen K, L\u00e4hteenvuo J, Rissanen TT, Knuuti J, Yl\u00e4-Herttuala S. AdVEGF-B186 and AdVEGF-D\u2206N\u2206C induce angiogenesis and increase perfusion in porcine myocardium. Heart, 2016; 102: 1716-1720","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309373"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"52) Rutanen J, Rissanen TT, Markkanen JE, Gruchala M, Silvennoinen P, Kivel\u00e4 A, Hedman A, Hedman M, Heikura T, Ord\u00e9n MR, Stacker SA, Achen MG, Hartikainen J, Yl\u00e4-Herttuala S. Adenoviral catheter-mediated intramyocardial gene transfer using the mature form of vascular endothelial growth factor-D induces transmural angiogenesis in porcine heart. Circulation, 2004; 109: 1029-1035","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000115519.03688.A2"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"53) Leikas AJ, Hassinen I, Hedman A, Kivel\u00e4 A, Yl\u00e4-Herttuala S, Hartikainen JEK. Long-term safety and efficacy of intramyocardial adenovirus-mediated VEGF-D\u2206N\u2206C gene therapy eight-year follow-up of phase I KAT301 study. Gene Ther, 2022; 29: 289-293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41434-021-00295-1"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"54) Leikas AJ, Hartikainen JEK, Kastrup J, Mathur A, Gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6si M, Fern\u00e1ndez-Avil\u00e9s F, Sanz-Ruiz R, Wojakowski W, Gwizda\u0142a A, Luite R, Nikkinen M, Qayyum AA, Haack-S\u00f8rensen M, Kelham M, Jones DA, Hamzaraj K, Spannbauer A, Fern\u00e1ndez-Santos ME, J\u0119drzejek M, Skoczy\u0144ska A, Vartiainen N, Knuuti J, Saraste A, Yl\u00e4-Herttuala S. Clinical development and proof of principle testing of new regenerative vascular endothelial growth factor-D therapy for refractory angina: rationale and design of the phase 2 ReGenHeart trial. Open Heart, 2024; 11: e002817","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2024-002817"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"55) Hartikainen J, Hassinen I, Hedman A, Kivel\u00e4 A, Saraste A, Knuuti J, Husso M, Mussalo H, Hedman M, Rissanen TT, Toivanen P, Heikura T, Witztum JL, Tsimikas S, Yl\u00e4-Herttuala S. Adenoviral intramyocardial VEGF-D\u2206N\u2206C gene transfer increases myocardial perfusion reserve in refractory angina patients: a phase I\/IIa study with 1-year follow-up. Eur Heart J, 2017; 38: 2547-2555","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx352"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"56) Testa U, Pannitteri G, Condorelli GL. Vascular endothelial growth factors in cardiovascular medicine. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown), 2008; 9: 1190-1221","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0b013e3283117d37"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"57) Rissanen TT, Rutanen J, Yl\u00e4-Herttuala S. Gene transfer for therapeutic vascular growth in myocardial and peripheral ischemia. Adv Genet, 2004; 52: 117-164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2660(04)52004-7"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"58) Stacker SA, Achen MG. Emerging Roles for VEGF-D in Human Disease. Biomolecules, 2018; 8: 1","DOI":"10.3390\/biom8010001"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"59) Liu X, Cui K, Wu H, Li KS, Peng Q, Wang D, Cowan DB, Dixon JB, Sathish Srinivasan R, Bielenberg DR, Chen K, Wang DZ, Chen Y, Chen H. Promoting Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Growth and Remodeling to Treat Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2023; 43: e1-e10","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.122.318406"}],"container-title":["Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jat\/33\/11\/33_RV22058\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T22:18:02Z","timestamp":1793485082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jat\/33\/11\/33_RV22058\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5551\/jat.rv22058","relation":{},"ISSN":["1340-3478","1880-3873"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1340-3478","type":"print"},{"value":"1880-3873","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"article-number":"RV22058"}}