{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T16:58:53Z","timestamp":1781974733656,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad Pakistan","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]],"date-time":"2024-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719705600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: With the rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in a country that is already facing high tuberculosis (TB) burden, TB multi-morbidity is likely to pose a significant public health challenge in Pakistan. Data were analysed to determine the prevalence of TB and explore the distribution and determinants of multi-morbidity associated with TB in the population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa -a province of Pakistan. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data gathered as part of the KPIPHS survey conducted in 2016-17 in both the rural and urban areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, from adults, on demographics, education and socioeconomic status, physical and mental health, reproductive health, child health, health-related quality of life, and self-reported cardiometabolic diseases including Diabetes, hypertension, renal disorders, cardiac failure, angina, and stroke. Results: A total of 20,715 participants were recruited in the survey including 52.8% (n=10,943) males and 47.2% (n=9,772) females with a mean age of 41 (13.1) years. Data on TB status was available for a total of 14452 participants. The prevalence of TB in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was found to be 0.49% (n=72) including an almost equal number of males and females [48% (n=34) vs 51% (n=36)], respectively. The mean age of the patients with TB was 47.5 (11.6) years. A higher proportion of people with TB had cardiometabolic diseases compared to people without TB (45.9% vs. 30.9%). Amongst the cardiometabolic disorders, self-reported hypertension (OR: 1.81, 95% CI 1.08-3.02, p=0.02), Diabetes (OR: 3.99, 95% CI 1.95-8.18, p=&lt;0.002), and angina (OR: 3.88 95% CI 1.20-12.49, p=0.02) were positively associated with the occurrence of TB. In the adjusted analysis, only self-reported Diabetes was positively associated with the occurrence of TB (OR: 3.33, 95% CI 1.61-6.88, p=0.001). Conclusion: There is a higher burden of self-reported cardiometabolic diseases among people with TB, suggesting that this high-risk group should be screened for cardiometabolic diseases, especially Diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.55519\/jamc-02-12677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T10:31:02Z","timestamp":1732962662000},"page":"316-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["SELF-REPORTED MULTI-MORBIDITY WITH TUBERCULOSIS: DATA FROM THE KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA INTEGRATED POPULATION HEALTH SURVEY (KPIPHS) IN PAKISTAN"],"prefix":"10.55519","volume":"36","author":[{"family":"Zia ul Haq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Saima Afaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Farhad Ali Khattak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Sana Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Sheraz Fazid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Abid Rahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Muhammad Zeeshan Haroon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Kamran Siddiqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"34325","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]]},"container-title":["Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jamc.ayubmed.edu.pk\/jamc\/index.php\/jamc\/article\/download\/12677\/3733","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jamc.ayubmed.edu.pk\/jamc\/index.php\/jamc\/article\/download\/12677\/3733","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T07:43:17Z","timestamp":1733730197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jamc.ayubmed.edu.pk\/jamc\/index.php\/jamc\/article\/view\/12677"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55519\/jamc-02-12677","relation":{},"ISSN":["1819-2718","1025-9589"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1819-2718","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1025-9589","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,30]]}}}