{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:40:47Z","timestamp":1792683647478,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-ULAKBIM) - DIGITAL COMMONS JOURNALS","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Proinflammatory chemokines have been shown to play crucial roles in implantation, spiral artery invasion, and thefetomaternal immunological response. In this context, we investigated the levels of fractalkine (CX3CL1) and chemokine CC motifligand 4 (CCL4 or MIP-1\u03b2) in maternal serum and amniotic fluids in pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).Materials and methods: This prospective cohort study was carried out at F\u0131rat University Obstetrics Clinic between January 1, 2022 andJuly 1, 2022. Group (G) 1: The control group consisted of 40 pregnant women who underwent elective cesarean section (CS) at 38\u201340weeks of gestation. G2: A total of 40 pregnant women with IUGR at 28\u201337 weeks of gestation were included in the study group. Levelsof tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1\u03b2), interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1\u03b1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1\u03b2), and fractalkine were measured in maternal serum and amniotic fluid samplesobtained during CS.Results: When maternal age was compared, no statistically significant difference was observed between G1 and G2 (p = 0.374). Thenumber of gravidity was found to be statistically higher in G1 compared to G2 (p = 0.003). The mean gestational week was statisticallyhigher in G1 (p &lt; 0.001). Maternal serum MIP-1\u03b2 (p = 0.03) and IFN-\u03b3 (p = 0.006) levels were higher in G1. The birth weight of the baby(p &lt; 0.001) and umbilical cord blood gas pH value (p &lt; 0.001) at birth were higher in G1. HIF-1\u03b1 (p &lt; 0.001), fractalkine (p &lt; 0.001),MIP-1\u03b2 (p &lt; 0.001), TNF-\u03b1 (p = 0.007), IL-1\u03b2 (p &lt; 0.001), and IFN-\u03b3 levels (p = 0.007) in amniotic fluid were higher in G2.Conclusion: Elevated levels of proinflammatory factors, including fractalkine and MIP-1\u03b2, along with inflammatory factors such asTNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and IFN-\u03b3, as well as increased HIF-1\u03b1 levels in amniotic fluid, are associated with intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR) attributed to a hypoxic amniotic environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.55730\/1300-0144.5789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T09:34:38Z","timestamp":1708421678000},"page":"280-290","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["High amniotic fluid fractalkine and MIP-1\u03b2 levels are associated with intrauterine growth restriction: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.55730","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"\u015eehmus","family":"PALA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Remzi","family":"ATILGAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nevin","family":"\u0130LHAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"34691","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"container-title":["Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:51:54Z","timestamp":1792680714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.tubitak.gov.tr\/medical\/vol54\/iss1\/31"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55730\/1300-0144.5789","relation":{},"ISSN":["1300-0144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1300-0144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]}}}