{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:39:47Z","timestamp":1792683587727,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-ULAKBIM) - DIGITAL COMMONS JOURNALS","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and aim: We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum anti-drug antibody (ADAb), hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to anti-tumor necrosis factors (anti-TNFs) drugs and to detect the role of skin tests in the diagnosis of HSRs against anti-TNFs.Material and methods: 69 ankylosing spondilitis (AS) and 46 rheumatoid artritis (RA) patients using infliximab, adalimumab, and etanercept  were enrolled. Disease activity scores for AS and RA patients were assessed. Serum levels of anti-TNFs and ADAb to these agents were measured with the ELISA.These blood samples  were taken 24 hours before the next drug dose.The patients with anti-TNF-associated HSRs were evaluated with a skin prick test (SPT) and intradermal test (IDT). Readings for SPT and IDT were conducted after 15 min, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Heel diameter of 3 mm or more, greater than negative control was considered positive for SPT, and if the size of the initial wheal had increased by at least 3 mm in diameter and was surrounded by erythema was considered positive for IDT. Symptoms such as urticaria\/angioedema, flushing, etc. were considered immediate type HSRs. Findings developed at the injection site such as swelling, erythema, etc were considered injection site reactions (ISRs). An overall p&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: A statistically significant association was found between HSRs (immediate type and ISRs) and IDTs reported by patients using biological drugs (p=0.001). In the subgroup analysis, a statistically significant association was found between ISRs and IDTs in users of ADA and ETN (respectively p=0.012, p=0.013). No relationship was found between skin test positivity (IDT) and the presence of IgG ADAb to Anti-TNFs, and disease activity scores. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that patients who exhibit ISRs to anti-TNF drugs produce notably positive results to IDT without maintaining a direct relationship to serum levels of ADAb.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.55730\/1300-0144.5914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T04:53:11Z","timestamp":1733719991000},"page":"1310-1318","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The relationship between drug induced immunogenicity and hypersensitivity reactions and skin tests related to infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis"],"prefix":"10.55730","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"ALPER","family":"DO\u011eANCI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015eEBNEM","family":"ATAMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AL\u0130","family":"\u00d6ZDEM\u0130REL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RECEP","family":"SE\u00c7K\u0130N","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AY\u015eE","family":"YAL\u00c7IN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SEV\u0130M","family":"BAVBEK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"34691","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"container-title":["Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:49:09Z","timestamp":1792680549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.tubitak.gov.tr\/medical\/vol54\/iss6\/18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55730\/1300-0144.5914","relation":{},"ISSN":["1300-0144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1300-0144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]}}}