{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:39:12Z","timestamp":1792683552245,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-ULAKBIM) - DIGITAL COMMONS JOURNALS","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/aim: Existing treadmill-based VO\u2082 prediction models may not accurately estimate submaximal VO\u2082 in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), as they are often derived from healthy populations. This study aimed to develop and validate a submaximal VO\u2082 prediction model derived from healthy individuals and tested for generalizability in CAD patients by incorporating clinically relevant parameters.\nMaterials and methods:  A retrospective analysis was conducted with 101 participants (54 healthy, 47 CAD patients) undergoing cardiopulmonary exercise testing using the modified Bruce protocol. To better represent the submaximal VO\u2082 reached during exercise, the average VO\u2082 in the last minute of each stage was used. The model was developed using data from healthy individuals and subsequently validated in the CAD cohort. A linear mixed-effects model was employed to predict VO\u2082 based on speed, grade, and other confounders, including peak VO\u2082, body weight, and body mass index (BMI). The model\u2019s performance was evaluated and compared with previously published equations using Bland\u2013Altman plots, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and Lin\u2019s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC).\nResults: The final model, including speed, grade, and peak VO2, achieved an R\u00b2 of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.86; f\u00b2 = 4.88). For CAD patients, the predicted-actual VO\u2082 difference was \u20130.05 \u00b1 1.8 mL\/kg\/min, with MAE and RMSE values of 1.4 and 1.8 mL\/kg\/min, respectively. The model outperformed reference equations, achieving the highest accuracy (CCC = 0.923) and minimal bias. Incorporating peak VO\u2082 effectively accounted for exercise response differences between healthy individuals and CAD patients.\nConclusion: A submaximal VO\u2082 estimation model derived from healthy individuals and validated in CAD patients demonstrated high accuracy. Incorporating peak VO\u2082 effectively bridged physiological differences, supporting individualized exercise prescriptions in cardiac rehabilitation. However, larger prospective cohorts are warranted to confirm external validity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.55730\/1300-0144.6046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T09:28:11Z","timestamp":1756373291000},"page":"930-939","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Treadmill-based submaximal VO\u2082 estimation in patients with coronary artery disease: can a model derived from healthy individuals be valid?"],"prefix":"10.55730","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"LEVENT","family":"KARATA\u015e","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ESRA SENA","family":"ORBAK YEN\u0130D\u00dcNYA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NESR\u0130N","family":"DEM\u0130RSOY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"34691","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"container-title":["Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:46:20Z","timestamp":1792680380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.tubitak.gov.tr\/medical\/vol55\/iss4\/15"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55730\/1300-0144.6046","relation":{},"ISSN":["1300-0144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1300-0144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]}}}