{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T08:32:45Z","timestamp":1793781165334,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-ULAKBIM) - DIGITAL COMMONS JOURNALS","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/aim: Chronic migraine (CM) is a disabling neurological disorder associated with substantial impairment of quality of life. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory and epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to migraine pathophysiology. miR- 146, a microRNA involved in the TLR-4\/NFkb pathway, is known to regulate proinflammatory signaling, whereas HMGB1 activates inflammatory pathways through TLR2 and TLR4 receptors. IL-17 is another proinflammatory cytokine implicated in both inflammation and cognitive processes. In this research, our aim was to investigate the relationship between serum HMGB1, IL-17, and miR-146 levels and migraine-related subjective cognitive symptoms in patients with CM.\nMaterials and methods: Serum samples were collected from 20 CM patients and 15 age-matched healthy controls. All the participants were female. Medical history, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, and migraine attacks - subjective cognitive impairments scale (Mig-SCog) scores were recorded. Serum HMGB1 and IL-17 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure serum miR-146 levels. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted with SPSS 25.0. The relationships between Mig-SCog scores and serum HMGB1, IL-17, and miR-146 levels were investigated.\nResults: Serum HMGB1 levels were significantly elevated in the CM group compared to the control group (p = 0.012). However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups for serum IL-17 (p = 0.737) or miR-146 levels (p = 0.560). There was no significant correlation between HMGB1 and IL-17 (r = 0.167) or HMGB1 and miR146 levels (r = 0.073). Mig-SCog scores (p = 0.001) differed significantly between the groups and were positively correlated with HMGB1 levels (r = 0.403).\nConclusion: Serum HMGB1 levels were elevated in CM patients and were associated with migraine-related subjective cognitive complaints, whereas no significant association was observed with miR-146 or IL-17 levels. These findings support a potential role of HMGB1 in migraine-related neuroinflammatory processes. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between inflammatory pathways and cognitive symptoms in migraine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.55730\/1300-0144.6378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:24:27Z","timestamp":1787066667000},"page":"1343-1351","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploratory evaluation of miR-146, inflammatory biomarkers, and subjective cognitive symptoms in chronic migraine \u200b"],"prefix":"10.55730","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"HALE G\u00d6K","family":"DA\u011eIDIR","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2724-4078","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"DUYGU","family":"BANDIRMALI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MERVE H\u0130LAL CEREN","family":"AKG\u00d6R","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7964-2676","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"DO\u011eA","family":"VURALLI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9815-8230","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"MELTEM","family":"YALINAY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00dcVEM G\u00dcM\u00dc\u015e","family":"AKAY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3357-7733","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"HAYRUNN\u0130SA","family":"BOLAY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"34691","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"container-title":["Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T08:22:29Z","timestamp":1793780549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.tubitak.gov.tr\/medical\/vol56\/iss4\/44"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55730\/1300-0144.6378","relation":{},"ISSN":["1300-0144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1300-0144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]}}}