{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T10:33:52Z","timestamp":1793010832984,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-ULAKBIM) - DIGITAL COMMONS JOURNALS","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Turkish Journal of Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/aim: Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by excessive immune activation, primarily mediated by nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines. This condition encompasses ulcerative colitis and Crohn\u2019s disease,\u00a0both of which significantly impair patients\u2019 quality of life and pose persistent challenges in clinical management. Pectin, a complex\u00a0carbohydrate found in plant cell walls, has shown promise in reducing inflammation.\u00a0Materials and methods: In this study, pectin was extracted from red dragon fruit peel using two methods: ultrasound-assisted extraction\u00a0and ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction. The structural characteristics and antiinflammatory effects of the extracted pectin were\u00a0evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.\u00a0Results: Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction produced pectin with a higher yield (19.38%), a lower degree of esterification (46.51%), a reduced molecular weight (94.67 kDa), and a greater galacturonic acid content (67.51%) compared with ultrasound extraction alone.\u00a0Both pectin preparations were noncytotoxic to RAW 264.7 macrophages and significantly reduced nitric oxide production and the expression of key inflammatory mediators. Structural analysis confirmed the integrity of the pectin molecules.\u00a0Conclusion: These findings suggest that ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction enhances the physicochemical properties and\u00a0antiinflammatory activity of pectin, thereby supporting its potential application in future studies targeting inflammatory bowel disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.55730\/1300-0152.2797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T11:15:28Z","timestamp":1777374928000},"page":"146-157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction improves the antiinflammatory activity of red dragon fruit peel pectin"],"prefix":"10.55730","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"BAO","family":"LE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SEUNG HWAN","family":"YANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HOANG DANG KHOA","family":"TA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"34691","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"container-title":["Turkish Journal of Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T09:51:59Z","timestamp":1793008319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.tubitak.gov.tr\/biology\/vol50\/iss2\/6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55730\/1300-0152.2797","relation":{},"ISSN":["1300-0152"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1300-0152","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]}}}