{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T15:09:00Z","timestamp":1793200140015,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement (IRCA-BSSA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BST"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]]},"DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2025.01233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T22:07:13Z","timestamp":1755122833000},"page":"379-403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Chinese multicenter expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: 2025 edition"],"prefix":"10.5582","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Sulai","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial People&apos;s Hospital\/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinqiong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial People&apos;s Hospital\/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Jian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial People&apos;s Hospital\/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingbin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihua","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaohui","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Provincial People&apos;s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi&apos;an Jiaotong University, Xi&apos;an, Shanxi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuncai","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heguang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial People&apos;s Hospital\/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial People&apos;s Hospital\/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial People&apos;s Hospital\/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weimin","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial People&apos;s Hospital\/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingzhang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial People&apos;s Hospital\/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liansheng","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feizhou","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University\/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongde","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology\/Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuke","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changsha Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University\/Changsha First Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caixi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University\/Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaojie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangtan First People&apos;s Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chenzhou First People&apos;s Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jushi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaoyang Central Hospital, Shaoyang, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yongzhou Central Hospital, Yongzhou, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuzhao","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhangjiajie People&apos;s Hospital, Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingguo","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yueyang People&apos;s Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial People&apos;s Hospital\/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinshu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial People&apos;s Hospital\/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial People&apos;s Hospital\/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3542","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. DeOliveira ML, Cunningham SC, Cameron JL, Kamangar F, Winter JM, Lillemoe KD, Choti MA, Yeo CJ, Schulick RD. Cholangiocarcinoma: Thirty-one-year experience with 564 patients at a single institution. Ann Surg. 2007; 245:755-762.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000251366.62632.d3"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Dar FS, Abbas Z, Ahmed I, <i>et al<\/i>. National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2024; 30:1018-1042.","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i9.1018"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"3. Zhang L, Zhu J, Yang G, Li J. Features of lymph node metastasis and nerve plexus invasion in hilar cholangiocarcinoma and key points for dissection. J Clin Hepatol. 2023; 39:2045-2048. (in Chinese)"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Jena SS, Mehta NN, Nundy S. Surgical management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: Controversies and recommendations. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2023; 27:227-240.","DOI":"10.14701\/ahbps.23-028"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"5. Healthcare Improvement Scotland. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). <i>https:\/\/www.healthcareimprovementscotland.scot\/clinical-guidance-for-professionals\/scottish-intercollegiate-guidelines-network-sign<\/i> (accessed July 23, 2025)"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Sarcognato S, Sacchi D, Fassan M, Fabris L, Cadamuro M, Zanus G, Cataldo I, Capelli P, Baciorri F, Cacciatore M, Guido M. Cholangiocarcinoma. Pathologica. 2021; 113:158-169.","DOI":"10.32074\/1591-951X-252"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Pascale A, Rosmorduc O, Duclos-Vallee JC. New epidemiologic trends in cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2023; 47:102223.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2023.102223"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Qurashi M, Vithayathil M, Khan SA. Epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2023; 107064.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2023.107064"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Clements O, Eliahoo J, Kim JU, Taylor-Robinson SD, Khan SA. Risk factors for intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2020; 72:95-103.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.09.007"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Banales JM, Marin JJG, Lamarca A, <i>et al<\/i>. Cholangiocarcinoma 2020: The next horizon in mechanisms and management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020; 17:557-588.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0310-z"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Blechacz B, Komuta M, Roskams T, Gores GJ. Clinical diagnosis and staging of cholangiocarcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011; 8:512-522.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2011.131"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Valle JW, Kelley RK, Nervi B, Oh DY, Zhu AX. Biliary tract cancer. Lancet. 2021; 397:428-444.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00153-7"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Dondossola D, Ghidini M, Grossi F, Rossi G, Foschi D. Practical review for diagnosis and clinical management of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2020; 26:3542-3561.","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i25.3542"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Malik AK, Davidson BR, Manas DM. Surgical management, including the role of transplantation, for intrahepatic and peri-hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2025; 51:108248.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2024.108248"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Lee JW, Lee JH, Park Y, Kwon J, Lee W, Song KB, Hwang DW, Kim SC. Prognostic impact of perioperative CA19-9 levels in patients with resected perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Clin Med. 2021; 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10071345"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Wang JK, Hu HJ, Shrestha A, Ma WJ, Yang Q, Liu F, Cheng NS, Li FY. Can preoperative and postoperative CA19-9 levels predict survival and early recurrence in patients with resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma? Oncotarget. 2017; 8:45335-45344.","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17336"},{"key":"17","unstructured":"17. Benson AB, D&apos;Angelica MI, Abrams T, <i>et al<\/i>. NCCN Guidelines: Biliary Tract Cancers, Version 3. 2023."},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Roos E, Hubers LM, Coelen RJS, Doorenspleet ME, de Vries N, Verheij J, Beuers U, van Gulik TM. IgG4-associated cholangitis in patients resected for presumed perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: A 30-year tertiary care experience. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018; 113:765-772.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0036-5"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Vogel A, Bridgewater J, Edeline J, Kelley RK, Klumpen HJ, Malka D, Primrose JN, Rimassa L, Stenzinger A, Valle JW, Ducreux M, clinicalguidelines@esmo.org EGCEa. Biliary tract cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2023; 34:127-140.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.10.506"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Hori Y, Chari ST, Tsuji Y, Takahashi N, Inoue D, Hart PA, Uehara T, Horibe M, Yamamoto S, Satou A, Zhang L, Notohara K, Naitoh I, Nakazawa T. Diagnosing biliary strictures: Distinguishing IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis from cholangiocarcinoma and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2021; 5:535-541.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2021.03.005"},{"key":"21","unstructured":"21. Group of Biliary Surgery of Society of Surgery of Chinese Medical Association , Special Committee of Hepatobiliary Surgery of PLA Army. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (2013 edition). Chin J Surg. 2013; 51:865-871. (in Chinese)"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Kim DW, Kim SY, Yoo C, Hwang DW. Update on biliary cancer imaging. Radiol Clin North Am. 2022; 60:825-842.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2022.05.001"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Shin DW, Moon SH, Kim JH. Diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023; 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13020233"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Ni Q, Wang H, Zhang Y, Qian L, Chi J, Liang X, Chen T, Wang J. MDCT assessment of resectability in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2017; 42:851-860.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-016-0943-0"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Cao J, Srinivas-Rao S, Mroueh N, Anand R, Kongboonvijit S, Sertic M, Shenoy-Bhangle AS, Kambadakone A. Cholangiocarcinoma imaging: From diagnosis to response assessment. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2024.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-024-04267-y"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Lamarca A, Barriuso J, Chander A, McNamara MG, Hubner RA, D OR, Manoharan P, Valle JW. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG-PET) for patients with biliary tract cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2019; 71:115-129.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.01.038"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Ruys AT, van Beem BE, Engelbrecht MR, Bipat S, Stoker J, Van Gulik TM. Radiological staging in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Radiol. 2012; 85:1255-1262.","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/88405305"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Caragut RL, Ilie M, Cabel T, Gunsahin D, Panaitescu A, Pavel C, Plotogea OM, Rinja EM, Constantinescu G, Sandru V. Updates in diagnosis and endoscopic management of cholangiocarcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024; 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14050490"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Seo H, Lee JM, Kim IH, Han JK, Kim SH, Jang JY, Kim SW, Choi BI. Evaluation of the gross type and longitudinal extent of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas on contrast-enhanced multidetector row computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2009; 33:376-382.","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0b013e318184f3f7"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Joo I, Lee JM, Yoon JH. Imaging diagnosis of intrahepatic and perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: Recent advances and challenges. Radiology. 2018; 288:7-13.","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018171187"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Hammerstingl R, Huppertz A, Breuer J, <i>et al<\/i>. Diagnostic efficacy of gadoxetic acid (Primovist)-enhanced MRI and spiral CT for a therapeutic strategy: Comparison with intraoperative and histopathologic findings in focal liver lesions. Eur Radiol. 2008; 18:457-467.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-007-0716-9"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Masselli G, Gualdi G. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma: MRI\/MRCP in staging and treatment planning. Abdom Imaging. 2008; 33:444-451.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-007-9281-6"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. Lee MG, Park KB, Shin YM, Yoon HK, Sung KB, Kim MH, Lee SG, Kang EM. Preoperative evaluation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma with contrast\u2010enhanced three\u2010dimensional fast imaging with steady\u2010state precession magnetic resonance angiography: Comparison with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography. World J Surg. 2003; 27:278-283.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-002-6701-1"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Cholangiocarcinoma Working G. Italian Clinical Practice Guidelines on Cholangiocarcinoma - Part I: Classification, diagnosis and staging. Dig Liver Dis. 2020; 52:1282-1293.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.06.045"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Kim JY, Kim MH, Lee TY, Hwang CY, Kim JS, Yun SC, Lee SS, Seo DW, Lee SK. Clinical role of 18F-FDG PET-CT in suspected and potentially operable cholangiocarcinoma: A prospective study compared with conventional imaging. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008; 103:1145-1151.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01710.x"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Anderson CD, Rice MH, Pinson CW, Chapman WC, Chari RS, Delbeke D. Fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging in the evaluation of gallbladder carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg. 2004; 8:90-97.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gassur.2003.10.003"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Fong ZV, Brownlee SA, Qadan M, Tanabe KK. The clinical management of cholangiocarcinoma in the United States and Europe: A comprehensive and evidence-based comparison of guidelines. Ann Surg Oncol. 2021; 28:2660-2674.","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-021-09671-y"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Heimbach JK, Sanchez W, Rosen CB, Gores GJ. Trans-peritoneal fine needle aspiration biopsy of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is associated with disease dissemination. HPB (Oxford). 2011; 13:356-360.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-2574.2011.00298.x"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Rushbrook SM, Kendall TJ, Zen Y, <i>et al<\/i>. British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cholangiocarcinoma. Gut. 2023; 73:16-46.","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-330029"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Yoon SB, Moon SH, Ko SW, Lim H, Kang HS, Kim JH. Brush cytology, forceps biopsy, or endoscopic ultrasound-guided sampling for diagnosis of bile duct cancer: A meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2022; 67:3284-3297.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-021-07138-4"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Pereira P, Santos S, Morais R, Gaspar R, Rodrigues- Pinto E, Vilas-Boas F, Macedo G. Role of peroral cholangioscopy for diagnosis and staging of biliary tumors. Dig Dis. 2020; 38:431-440.","DOI":"10.1159\/000504910"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42. de Oliveira P, de Moura DTH, Ribeiro IB, Bazarbashi AN, Franzini TAP, Dos Santos MEL, Bernardo WM, de Moura EGH. Efficacy of digital single-operator cholangioscopy in the visual interpretation of indeterminate biliary strictures: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc. 2020; 34:3321-3329.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-020-07583-8"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43. Almadi MA, Itoi T, Moon JH, <i>et al<\/i>. Using single-operator cholangioscopy for endoscopic evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures: results from a large multinational registry. Endoscopy. 2020; 52:574-582.","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1135-8980"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44. Urban O, Vanek P, Zoundjiekpon V, Falt P. Endoscopic perspective in cholangiocarcinoma diagnostic process. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2019; 2019:9704870.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9704870"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45. Elmunzer BJ, Maranki JL, Gomez V, Tavakkoli A, Sauer BG, Limketkai BN, Brennan EA, Attridge EM, Brigham TJ, Wang AY. ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Biliary Strictures. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023; 118:405-426.","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002190"},{"key":"46","unstructured":"46. Burt A, Alves V, Coulston A. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma histopathology reporting guide. 2nd ed. Sydney, Australia: International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting, 2020."},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47. Engelbrecht MR, Katz SS, van Gulik TM, Lameris JS, van Delden OM. Imaging of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2015; 204:782-791.","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.12830"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48. Guedj N. Pathology of cholangiocarcinomas. Curr Oncol. 2022; 30:370-380.","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30010030"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49. Akita M, Sofue K, Fujikura K, Otani K, Itoh T, Ajiki T, Fukumoto T, Zen Y. Histological and molecular characterization of intrahepatic bile duct cancers suggests an expanded definition of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. HPB (Oxford). 2019; 21:226-234.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2018.07.021"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"50. Brown ZJ, Patwardhan S, Bean J, Pawlik TM. Molecular diagnostics and biomarkers in cholangiocarcinoma. Surg Oncol. 2022; 44:101851.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2022.101851"},{"key":"51","unstructured":"51. Wang H, Chen J, Zhang X, Sheng X. Expert consensus on pathological diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (2022 version). Chin J Pathol. 2022; 51:819-827. (in Chinese)"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"52. Bismuth H, Nakache R, Diamond T. Management strategies in resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 1992; 215:31-38.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199201000-00005"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"53. Jarnagin WR, Fong Y, DeMatteo RP, Gonen M, Burke EC, Bodniewicz BJ, Youssef BM, Klimstra D, Blumgart LH. Staging, resectability, and outcome in 225 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 2001; 234:507-517; discussion 517-509.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200110000-00010"},{"key":"54","unstructured":"54. Amin MB, Edge S, Greene FL, <i>et al<\/i>. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th ed. 2017."},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"55. Casadio M, Cardinale V, Klumpen HJ, Morement H, Lacasta A, Koerkamp BG, Banales J, Alvaro D, Valle JW, Lamarca A. Setup of multidisciplinary team discussions for patients with cholangiocarcinoma: Current practice and recommendations from the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma (ENS-CCA). ESMO Open. 2022; 7:100377.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2021.100377"},{"key":"56","unstructured":"56. Precision Medicine and Tumor MDT Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association. Expert consensus on multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment of biliary tract cancer. J Multidisciplinary Cancer Mgmt: Electronic Version. 2023; 9:57-68. (in Chinese)"},{"key":"57","unstructured":"57. Zhang Y, Wang H, Zheng W. Controversies and advances in surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Chin J Gen Surg. 2024; 33:257-264. (in Chinese)"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"58. Lauterio A, De Carlis R, Centonze L, Buscemi V, Incarbone N, Vella I, De Carlis L. Current surgical management of peri-hilar and intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel). 2021; 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13153657"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"59. Teng F, Tang YY, Dai JL, Li Y, Chen ZY. The effect and safety of preoperative biliary drainage in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma: An updated meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol. 2020; 18:174.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-020-01904-w"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"60. Mansour JC, Aloia TA, Crane CH, Heimbach JK, Nagino M, Vauthey JN. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma: Expert consensus statement. HPB (Oxford). 2015; 17:691-699.","DOI":"10.1111\/hpb.12450"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"61. Cholangiocarcinoma Working G. Italian Clinical Practice Guidelines on Cholangiocarcinoma - Part II: Treatment. Dig Liver Dis. 2020; 52:1430-1442.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.08.030"},{"key":"62","unstructured":"62. Guidelines Working Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology. Guidelines of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) of biliary tract cancer 2023. People&apos;s Medical Publishing House, Beijing, 2023, China. (in Chinese)"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"63. Paik WH, Loganathan N, Hwang JH. Preoperative biliary drainage in hilar cholangiocarcinoma: When and how? World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2014; 6:68-73.","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v6.i3.68"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"64. Nagino M, Hirano S, Yoshitomi H, <i>et al<\/i>. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of biliary tract cancers 2019: The 3rd English edition. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2021; 28:26-54.","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.870"},{"key":"65","unstructured":"65. Li B, Jiang X. Key technical criteria and evaluation for radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Chin J Practical Surg. 2024; 44:55-60. (in Chinese)"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"66. Li B, Li Z, Qiu Z, Qin Y, Gao Q, Ao J, Ma W, Jiang X. Surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: Retrospective analysis. BJS Open. 2023; 7.","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsopen\/zrad024"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"67. Watanabe Y, Kuboki S, Shimizu H, Ohtsuka M, Yoshitomi H, Furukawa K, Miyazaki M. A new proposal of criteria for the future remnant liver volume in older patients undergoing major hepatectomy for biliary tract cancer. Ann Surg. 2018; 267:338-345.","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002080"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"68. Lee JW, Lee JH, Park Y, Lee W, Kwon J, Song KB, Hwang DW, Kim SC. Risk factors of posthepatectomy liver failure for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: Risk score and significance of future liver remnant volume-to-body weight ratio. J Surg Oncol. 2020; 122:469-479.","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.25974"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"69. Thirunavukarasu P, Aloia TA. Preoperative assessment and optimization of the future liver remnant. Surg Clin North Am. 2016; 96:197-205.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2015.11.001"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"70. Glantzounis GK, Tokidis E, Basourakos SP, Ntzani EE, Lianos GD, Pentheroudakis G. The role of portal vein embolization in the surgical management of primary hepatobiliary cancers. A systematic review. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2017; 43:32-41.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2016.05.026"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"71. Olthof PB, Wiggers JK, Groot Koerkamp B, Coelen RJ, Allen PJ, Besselink MG, Busch OR, D&apos;Angelica MI, DeMatteo RP, Kingham TP, van Lienden KP, Jarnagin WR, van Gulik TM. Postoperative liver failure risk score: Identifying patients with resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma who can benefit from portal vein embolization. J Am Coll Surg. 2017; 225:387-394.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2017.06.007"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"72. Rassam F, Olthof PB, van Lienden KP, Bennink RJ, Besselink MG, Busch OR, van Gulik TM. Functional and volumetric assessment of liver segments after portal vein embolization: Differences in hypertrophy response. Surgery. 2019; 165:686-695.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2018.11.004"},{"key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"73. Abulkhir A, Limongelli P, Healey AJ, Damrah O, Tait P, Jackson J, Habib N, Jiao LR. Preoperative portal vein embolization for major liver resection: A meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2008; 247:49-57.","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31815f6e5b"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"74. Lang H, de Santibanes E, Schlitt HJ, <i>et al<\/i>. 10th Anniversary of ALPPS-Lessons learned and quo vadis. Ann Surg. 2019; 269:114-119.","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002797"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"75. Olthof PB, Coelen RJS, Wiggers JK, Groot Koerkamp B, Malago M, Hernandez-Alejandro R, Topp SA, Vivarelli M, Aldrighetti LA, Robles Campos R, Oldhafer KJ, Jarnagin WR, van Gulik TM. High mortality after ALPPS for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: Case-control analysis including the first series from the international ALPPS registry. HPB (Oxford). 2017; 19:381-387.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2016.10.008"},{"key":"76","unstructured":"76. Chinese Anti-Cancer Association. Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (2015 edition). Chin J Hepatobiliary Surg. 2015; 21:505-511. (in Chinese)"},{"key":"77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"77. D&apos;Souza MA, Al-Saffar HA, Fernandez Moro C, Shtembari S, Danielsson O, Sparrelid E, Sturesson C. Redefining resection margins and dissection planes in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma-radical resection is a rare event. Virchows Arch. 2022; 480:557-564.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-021-03231-1"},{"key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"78. Zhang XF, Squires MH, 3rd, Bagante F, <i>et al<\/i>. The impact of intraoperative re-resection of a positive bile duct margin on clinical outcomes for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2018; 25:1140-1149.","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-018-6382-0"},{"key":"79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"79. Kawano F, Ito H, Oba A, Ono Y, Sato T, Inoue Y, Mise Y, Saiura A, Takahashi Y. Role of intraoperative assessment of proximal bile duct margin status and additional resection of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: Can local clearance trump tumor biology? A retrospective cohort study. Ann Surg Oncol. 2023; 30:3348-3359.","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-023-13190-3"},{"key":"80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"80. van Keulen AM, Buettner S, Olthof PB, <i>et al<\/i>. Comparing survival of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma after R1 resection versus palliative chemotherapy for unresected localized disease. Ann Surg Oncol. 2024; 31:6495-6503.","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-024-15582-5"},{"key":"81","unstructured":"81. Ni Q, Wang J. Interpretation of guideline for diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (2013 edition). J Hepatopancreatobil Surg. 2015; 27:450-454. (in Chinese)"},{"key":"82","unstructured":"82. Xu L, Liu J. Surgical treatment and prognostic factors analysis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Chin J Hepatobil Surg. 2011; 17:829-832. (in Chinese)"},{"key":"83","unstructured":"83. Yang J, Ye L, Yang Y. Advances in surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Chin J General Surg. 2023; 32:1264-1270. (in Chinese)"},{"key":"84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"84. Bae J, Shin DW, Cho KB, Ahn KS, Kim TS, Kim YH, Kang KJ. Survival outcome of surgical resection compared to non-resection for Bismuth type IV perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2023; 408:229.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-023-02965-7"},{"key":"85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"85. Ersan V, Usta S, Aydin C, Carr BI, Karatoprak S, Yilmaz S. Critical overview of resection for Bismuth-Corlette type IV perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Acta Chir Belg. 2023; 123:489-496.","DOI":"10.1080\/00015458.2022.2078030"},{"key":"86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"86. Hartog H, Ijzermans JN, van Gulik TM, Groot Koerkamp B. Resection of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Surg Clin North Am. 2016; 96:247-267.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2015.12.008"},{"key":"87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"87. Jo HS, Kim DS, Yu YD, Kang WH, Yoon KC. Right-side versus left-side hepatectomy for the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: A comparative study. World J Surg Oncol. 2020; 18:3.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-019-1779-1"},{"key":"88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"88. Mizuno T, Ebata T, Nagino M. Advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma: An aggressive surgical approach for the treatment of advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma: Perioperative management, extended procedures, and multidisciplinary approaches. Surg Oncol. 2020; 33:201-206.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2019.07.002"},{"key":"89","unstructured":"89. Chen Z, Y. Y. Technical points of combined vascular resection and reconstruction in radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Chin J Hepatobil Surg. 2022; 28:862-865. (in Chinese)"},{"key":"90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"90. Serrablo A, Serrablo L, Alikhanov R, Tejedor L. Vascular resection in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel). 2021; 13:5278.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13215278"},{"key":"91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"91. Kitagawa Y, Nagino M, Kamiya J, Uesaka K, Sano T, Yamamoto H, Hayakawa N, Nimura Y. Lymph node metastasis from hilar cholangiocarcinoma: Audit of 110 patients who underwent regional and paraaortic node dissection. Ann Surg. 2001; 233:385-392.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200103000-00013"},{"key":"92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"92. Miyazaki M, Ohtsuka M, Miyakawa S, <i>et al<\/i>. Classification of biliary tract cancers established by the Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery: 3(rd) English edition. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2015; 22:181-196.","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.211"},{"key":"93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"93. De Vreede I, Steers JL, Burch PA, Rosen CB, Gunderson LL, Haddock MG, Burgart L, Gores GJ. Prolonged disease-free survival after orthotopic liver transplantation plus adjuvant chemoirradiation for cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Transpl. 2000; 6:309-316.","DOI":"10.1053\/lv.2000.6143"},{"key":"94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"94. Rea DJ, Heimbach JK, Rosen CB, Haddock MG, Alberts SR, Kremers WK, Gores GJ, Nagorney DM. Liver transplantation with neoadjuvant chemoradiation is more effective than resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg. 2005; 242:451-458; discussion 458-461.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000179678.13285.fa"},{"key":"95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"95. Heimbach JK, Gores GJ, Haddock MG, Alberts SR, Nyberg SL, Ishitani MB, Rosen CB. Liver transplantation for unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Liver Dis. 2004; 24:201-207.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-828896"},{"key":"96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"96. Tan EK, Taner T, Heimbach JK, Gores GJ, Rosen CB. Liver transplantation for peri-hilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg. 2020; 24:2679-2685.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-020-04721-4"},{"key":"97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"97. Giovinazzo F, Pascale MM, Cardella F, Picarelli M, Molica S, Zotta F, Martullo A, Clarke G, Frongillo F, Grieco A, Agnes S. Current perspectives in liver transplantation for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Curr Oncol. 2023; 30:2942-2953.","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30030225"},{"key":"98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"98. Croome KP, Rosen CB, Heimbach JK, Nagorney DM. Is liver transplantation appropriate for patients with potentially resectable de novo hilar cholangiocarcinoma? J Am Coll Surg. 2015; 221:130-139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2015.01.064"},{"key":"99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"99. Coelen RJ, Ruys AT, Besselink MG, Busch OR, van Gulik TM. Diagnostic accuracy of staging laparoscopy for detecting metastasized or locally advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc. 2016; 30:4163-4173.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-4788-y"},{"key":"100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"100. Bird N, Elmasry M, Jones R, Elniel M, Kelly M, Palmer D, Fenwick S, Poston G, Malik H. Role of staging laparoscopy in the stratification of patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Surg. 2017; 104:418-425.","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10399"},{"key":"101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"101. Chen Y, Xu Y, Zhang Y. Current status of laparoscopic radical hilar cholangiocarcinoma in Mainland China. Biosci Trends. 2020; 14:168-173.","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2020.03010"},{"key":"102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"102. Qin T, Wang M, Zhang H, <i>et al<\/i>. The long-term outcome of laparoscopic resection for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma compared with the open approach: A real-world multicentric analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2023; 30:1366-1378.","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-022-12647-1"},{"key":"103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"103. Xiong Y, Jingdong L, Zhaohui T, Lau J. A Consensus Meeting on Expert Recommendations on Operating Specifications for Laparoscopic Radical Resection of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma. Front Surg. 2021; 8:731448.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2021.731448"},{"key":"104","unstructured":"104. Li W, Li J. Technical key points and difficulties of laparoscopic radical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Chin J Hepatic Surg. 2021; 10:348-351. (in Chinese)"},{"key":"105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"105. Liu S, Liu X, Li X, Li O, Yi W, Khan J, Yang P, Guo C, Peng C, Jiang B. Application of laparoscopic radical resection for type III and IV hilar cholangiocarcinoma treatment. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2020; 2020:1506275.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1506275"},{"key":"106","unstructured":"106. Wu J, Wang L, Yu F. Efficacy of laparoscopic versus open radical resection in the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: A meta-analysis. Chin J General Surg. 2024; 33:1206-1219. (in Chinese)"},{"key":"107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"107. Moll CF, de Moura DTH, Ribeiro IB, Proenca IM, do Monte Junior ES, Sanchez-Luna SA, Merchan MFS, Intriago JMV, Bernardo WM, de Moura EGH. Endoscopic biliary darinage (EBD) versus percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) for biliary drainage in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PCCA): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2023; 78:100163.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2022.100163"},{"key":"108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"108. Ba Y, Yue P, Leung JW, Wang H, Lin Y, Bai B, Zhu X, Zhang L, Zhu K, Wang W, Meng W, Zhou W, Liu Y, Li X. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage may be the preferred preoperative drainage method in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Endosc Int Open. 2020; 8:E203-E210.","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0990-9114"},{"key":"109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"109. Komaya K, Ebata T, Yokoyama Y, Igami T, Sugawara G, Mizuno T, Yamaguchi J, Nagino M. Verification of the oncologic inferiority of percutaneous biliary drainage to endoscopic drainage: A propensity score matching analysis of resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Surgery. 2017; 161:394-404.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2016.08.008"},{"key":"110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"110. Mocan T, Horhat A, Mois E, Graur F, Tefas C, Craciun R, Nenu I, Sparchez M, Sparchez Z. Endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage in hilar cholangiocarcinoma: When and how? World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2021; 13:2050-2063.","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v13.i12.2050"},{"key":"111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"111. van der Merwe SW, van Wanrooij RLJ, Bronswijk M, <i>et al<\/i>. Therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Endoscopy. 2022; 54:185-205.","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1717-1391"},{"key":"112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"112. Takenaka M, Lee TH. Role of radiofrequency ablation in advanced malignant hilar biliary obstruction. Clin Endosc. 2023; 56:155-163.","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2022.218"},{"key":"113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"113. Sawas T, Al Halabi S, Parsi MA, Vargo JJ. Self-expandable metal stents versus plastic stents for malignant biliary obstruction: A meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015; 82:256-267 e257.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2015.03.1980"},{"key":"114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"114. Xia MX, Cai XB, Pan YL, Wu J, Gao DJ, Ye X, Wang TT, Hu B. Optimal stent placement strategy for malignant hilar biliary obstruction: A large multicenter parallel study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2020; 91:1117-1128 e1119.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2019.12.023"},{"key":"115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"115. Qumseya BJ, Jamil LH, Elmunzer BJ, <i>et al<\/i>. ASGE guideline on the role of endoscopy in the management of malignant hilar obstruction. Gastrointest Endosc. 2021; 94:222-234 e222.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.12.035"},{"key":"116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"116. Weismuller TJ. Role of intraductal RFA: A novel tool in the palliative care of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Visc Med. 2021; 37:39-47.","DOI":"10.1159\/000513970"},{"key":"117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"117. Wu L, Merath K, Farooq A, Hyer JM, Tsilimigras DI, Paredes AZ, Mehta R, Sahara K, Shen F, Pawlik TM. Photodynamic therapy may provide a benefit over systemic chemotherapy among non-surgically managed patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 2020; 121:286-293.","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.25773"},{"key":"118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"118. Yu Y, Wang N, Wang Y, Shi Q, Yu R, Gu B, Maswikiti EP, Chen H. Photodynamic therapy combined with systemic chemotherapy for unresectable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2023; 41:103318.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103318"},{"key":"119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"119. de Oliveira Veras M, de Moura DTH, McCarty TR, de Oliveira GHP, Gomes RSA, Landim DL, Nunes FG, Franzini TAP, Lera Dos Santos ME, Bernardo WM, de Moura EGH. Intraductal radiofrequency ablation plus biliary stent versus stent alone for malignant biliary obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Endosc Int Open. 2024; 12:E23-E33.","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2204-8316"},{"key":"120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"120. Yang J, Wang J, Zhou H, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Jin H, Lou Q, Zhang X. Efficacy and safety of endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for unresectable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A randomized trial. Endoscopy. 2018; 50:751-760.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-124870"},{"key":"121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"121. Gao DJ, Yang JF, Ma SR, Wu J, Wang TT, Jin HB, Xia MX, Zhang YC, Shen HZ, Ye X, Zhang XF, Hu B. Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation plus plastic stent placement versus stent placement alone for unresectable extrahepatic biliary cancer: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2021; 94:91-100 e102.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.12.016"},{"key":"122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"122. Yang J, Wang J, Zhou H, Wang Y, Huang H, Jin H, Lou Q, Shah RJ, Zhang X. Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation plus a novel oral 5-fluorouracil compound versus radiofrequency ablation alone for unresectable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Gastrointest Endosc. 2020; 92:1204-1212 e1201.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.04.075"},{"key":"123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"123. Xia M, Qin W, Hu B. Endobiliary radiofrequency ablation for unresectable malignant biliary strictures: Survival benefit perspective. Dig Endosc. 2023; 35:584-591.","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14542"},{"key":"124","unstructured":"124. Chinese Society of Digestive Endoscopy, Digestive Endoscopy Professional Committee of Endoscopy Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases. Expert consensus on endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for malignant bile duct stenosis. Chin J Dig Endosc. 2023; 40:673-682. (in Chinese)"},{"key":"125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"125. Li Y, Li Y, Song Y, Liu S. Advances in research and application of photodynamic therapy in cholangiocarcinoma (Review). Oncol Rep. 2024; 51.","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2024.8712"},{"key":"126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"126. Chen P, Yang T, Shi P, Shen J, Feng Q, Su J. Benefits and safety of photodynamic therapy in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma: A meta-analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodynamic Ther. 2022; 37.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2022.102712"},{"key":"127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"127. Lee TY, Cheon YK, Shim CS, Cho YD. Photodynamic therapy prolongs metal stent patency in patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2012; 18:5589-5594.","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i39.5589"},{"key":"128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"128. Park DH, Lee SS, Park SE, Lee JL, Choi JH, Choi HJ, Jang JW, Kim HJ, Eum JB, Seo DW, Lee SK, Kim MH, Lee JB. Randomised phase II trial of photodynamic therapy plus oral fluoropyrimidine, S-1, versus photodynamic therapy alone for unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 2014; 50:1259-1268.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2014.01.008"},{"key":"129","unstructured":"129. Surgical Operation Group of Chinese Surgical Society, Biliary Surgery Group of Chinese Surgical Society, Chinese Committee of Biliary Surgeons. Expert consensus on technical specifications for clinical application of photodynamic therapy for cholangiocarcinoma. Chin J General Surg. 2023; 32:265-276. (in Chinese)"},{"key":"130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"130. Di Girolamo E, Belli A, Ottaiano A, <i>et al<\/i>. Impact of endobiliary radiofrequency ablation on survival of patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: A narrative review. Front Oncol. 2023; 13:1077794.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1077794"},{"key":"131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"131. Xu X, Li J, Wu J, Zhu R, Ji W. A systematic review and meta-analysis of intraluminal brachytherapy versus stent alone in the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2018; 41:206-217.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-017-1827-6"},{"key":"132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"132. Sheng Y, Fu X, Wang G, Mu M, Jiang W, Chen Z, Qi H, Gao F. Safety and efficacy of self-expandable metallic stent combined with (125)I brachytherapy for the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice. Cancer Imaging. 2023; 23:33.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-023-00551-0"},{"key":"133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"133. Sumiyoshi T, Shima Y, Okabayashi T, Negoro Y, Shimada Y, Iwata J, Matsumoto M, Hata Y, Noda Y, Sui K, Sueda T. Chemoradiotherapy for initially unresectable locally advanced cholangiocarcinoma. World J Surg. 2018; 42:2910-2918.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-018-4558-1"},{"key":"134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"134. Frosio F, Mocchegiani F, Conte G, Bona ED, Vecchi A, Nicolini D, Vivarelli M. Neoadjuvant therapy in the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: Review of the literature. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2019; 11:279-286.","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v11.i6.279"},{"key":"135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"135. Groot Koerkamp B, Wiggers JK, Allen PJ, Besselink MG, Blumgart LH, Busch OR, Coelen RJ, D&apos;Angelica MI, DeMatteo RP, Gouma DJ, Kingham TP, Jarnagin WR, van Gulik TM. Recurrence rate and pattern of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma after curative intent resection. J Am Coll Surg. 2015; 221:1041-1049.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2015.09.005"},{"key":"136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"136. Ben-Josef E, Guthrie KA, El-Khoueiry AB, Corless CL, Zalupski MM, Lowy AM, Thomas CR, Jr., Alberts SR, Dawson LA, Micetich KC, Thomas MB, Siegel AB, Blanke CD. SWOG S0809: A phase II intergroup trial of adjuvant capecitabine and gemcitabine followed by radiotherapy and concurrent capecitabine in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015; 33:2617-2622.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.60.2219"},{"key":"137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"137. Gholami S, Colby S, Horowitz DP, Guthrie KA, Ben-Josef E, El-Khoueiry AB, Blanke CD, Philip PA, Kachnic LA, Ahmad SA, Rocha FG. Adjuvant chemoradiation in patients with lymph node-positive biliary tract cancers: Secondary analysis of a single-arm clinical trial (SWOG 0809). Ann Surg Oncol. 2023; 30:1354-1363.","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-022-12863-9"},{"key":"138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"138. Ren B, Guo Q, Yang Y, Liu L, Wei S, Chen W, Tian Y. A meta-analysis of the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy versus no radiotherapy for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma. Radiat Oncol. 2020; 15:15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-020-1459-x"},{"key":"139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"139. Horgan AM, Amir E, Walter T, Knox JJ. Adjuvant therapy in the treatment of biliary tract cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2012; 30:1934-1940.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.40.5381"},{"key":"140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"140. Shroff RT, Kennedy EB, Bachini M, Bekaii-Saab T, Crane C, Edeline J, El-Khoueiry A, Feng M, Katz MHG, Primrose J, Soares HP, Valle J, Maithel SK. Adjuvant therapy for resected biliary tract cancer: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2019; 37:1015-1027.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.02178"},{"key":"141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"141. Torgeson A, Lloyd S, Boothe D, Cannon G, Garrido-Laguna I, Whisenant J, Lewis M, Kim R, Scaife C, Tao R. Chemoradiation therapy for unresected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A propensity score-matched analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017; 24:4001-4008.","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-017-6131-9"},{"key":"142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"142. Chigurupalli K, Vashistha A. Role of intraluminal brachytherapy as a palliative treatment modality in unresectable cholangiocarcinomas. J Cancer Res Ther. 2021; 17:10-12.","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.JCRT_836_19"},{"key":"143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"143. Sahai P, Kumar S. External radiotherapy and brachytherapy in the management of extrahepatic and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Available evidence. Br J Radiol. 2017; 90:20170061.","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170061"},{"key":"144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"144. Primrose JN, Fox RP, Palmer DH, <i>et al<\/i>. Capecitabine compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer (BILCAP): A randomised, controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2019; 20:663-673.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30915-X"},{"key":"145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"145. Bridgewater J, Fletcher P, Palmer DH, <i>et al<\/i>. Long-term outcomes and exploratory analyses of the randomized phase III BILCAP study. J Clin Oncol. 2022; 40:2048-2057.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02568"},{"key":"146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"146. Nakachi K, Ikeda M, Konishi M, <i>et al<\/i>. Adjuvant S-1 compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer (JCOG1202, ASCOT): A multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2023; 401:195-203.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02038-4"},{"key":"147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"147. Ebata T, Hirano S, Konishi M, <i>et al<\/i>. Randomized clinical trial of adjuvant gemcitabine chemotherapy versus observation in resected bile duct cancer. Br J Surg. 2018; 105:192-202.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2018.06.002"},{"key":"148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"148. Edeline J, Benabdelghani M, Bertaut A, <i>et al<\/i>. Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin chemotherapy or surveillance in resected biliary tract cancer (PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI): A randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol. 2019; 37:658-667.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00050"},{"key":"149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"149. Jeong H, Kim KP, Jeong JH, Hwang DW, Lee JH, Kim KH, Moon DB, Lee MA, Park SJ, Chon HJ, Park JH, Lee JS, Ryoo BY, Yoo C. Adjuvant gemcitabine plus cisplatin versus capecitabine in node-positive extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: The STAMP randomized trial. Hepatology. 2023; 77:1540-1549.","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000046"},{"key":"150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"150. Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, Cunningham D, Anthoney A, Maraveyas A, Madhusudan S, Iveson T, Hughes S, Pereira SP, Roughton M, Bridgewater J, Investigators ABCT. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010; 362:1273-1281.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0908721"},{"key":"151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"151. Morizane C, Okusaka T, Mizusawa J, <i>et al<\/i>. Combination gemcitabine plus S-1 versus gemcitabine plus cisplatin for advanced\/recurrent biliary tract cancer: The FUGA-BT (JCOG1113) randomized phase III clinical trial. Ann Oncol. 2019; 30:1950-1958.","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz402"},{"key":"152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"152. Oh DY, He AR, Bouattour M, <i>et al<\/i>. Durvalumab or placebo plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in participants with advanced biliary tract cancer (TOPAZ-1): Updated overall survival from a randomised phase 3 study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024; 9:694-704.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00095-5"},{"key":"153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"153. Kelley RK, Ueno M, Yoo C, <i>et al<\/i>. Pembrolizumab in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin compared with gemcitabine and cisplatin alone for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (KEYNOTE-966): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2023; 401:1853-1865.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00727-4"},{"key":"154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"154. Ioka T, Kanai M, Kobayashi S, <i>et al<\/i>. Randomized phase III study of gemcitabine, cisplatin plus S-1 versus gemcitabine, cisplatin for advanced biliary tract cancer (KHBO1401-MITSUBA). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2023; 30:102-110.","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.1219"},{"key":"155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"155. Lamarca A, Palmer DH, Wasan HS, <i>et al<\/i>. Second-line FOLFOX chemotherapy versus active symptom control for advanced biliary tract cancer (ABC-06): A phase 3, open-label, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021; 22:690-701.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00027-9"},{"key":"156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"156. Choi IS, Kim KH, Lee JH, Suh KJ, Kim JW, Park JH, Kim YJ, Kim JS, Kim JH, Kim JW. A randomised phase II study of oxaliplatin\/5-FU (mFOLFOX) versus irinotecan\/5-FU (mFOLFIRI) chemotherapy in locally advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer refractory to first-line gemcitabine\/cisplatin chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer. 2021; 154:288-295.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.019"},{"key":"157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"157. Zheng Y, Tu X, Zhao P, Jiang W, Liu L, Tong Z, Zhang H, Yan C, Fang W, Wang W. A randomised phase II study of second-line XELIRI regimen versus irinotecan monotherapy in advanced biliary tract cancer patients progressed on gemcitabine and cisplatin. Br J Cancer. 2018; 119:291-295.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-018-0138-2"},{"key":"158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"158. Yoo C, Kim KP, Jeong JH, Kim I, Kang MJ, Cheon J, Kang BW, Ryu H, Lee JS, Kim KW, Abou-Alfa GK, Ryoo BY. Liposomal irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin versus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic biliary tract cancer after progression on gemcitabine plus cisplatin (NIFTY): A multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 2b study. Lancet Oncol. 2021; 22:1560-1572.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00486-1"},{"key":"159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"159. Li Y, Yu J, Zhang Y, Peng C, Song Y, Liu S. Advances in targeted therapy of cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Med. 2024; 56:2310196.","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2024.2310196"},{"key":"160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"160. Javle M, Borad MJ, Azad NS, <i>et al<\/i>. Pertuzumab and trastuzumab for HER2-positive, metastatic biliary tract cancer (MyPathway): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2a, multiple basket study. Lancet Oncol. 2021; 22:1290-1300.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00336-3"},{"key":"161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"161. Ohba A, Morizane C, Ueno M, <i>et al<\/i>. Multicenter phase II trial of trastuzumab deruxtecan for HER2-positive unresectable or recurrent biliary tract cancer: HERB trial. Future Oncol. 2022; 18:2351-2360.","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2022-0214"},{"key":"162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"162. Ohba A, Morizane C, Kawamoto Y, <i>et al<\/i>. Trastuzumab deruxtecan in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-expressing biliary tract cancer (HERB; NCCH1805): A multicenter, single-arm, phase II trial. J Clin Oncol. 2024; 42:3207-3217.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.02010"},{"key":"163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"163. Subbiah V, Lassen U, Elez E, <i>et al<\/i>. Dabrafenib plus trametinib in patients with BRAF(V600E)-mutated biliary tract cancer (ROAR): A phase 2, open-label, single-arm, multicentre basket trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020; 21:1234-1243.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30321-1"},{"key":"164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"164. Marabelle A, Le DT, Ascierto PA, <i>et al<\/i>. Efficacy of pembrolizumab in patients with noncolorectal high microsatellite instability\/mismatch repair-deficient cancer: Results from the phase II KEYNOTE-158 study. J Clin Oncol. 2020; 38:1-10.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.02105"},{"key":"165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"165. Wang Y, Yang X, Wang D, Yang X, Wang Y, Long J, Zhou J, Lu Z, Mao Y, Sang X, Guan M, Zhao H. Lenvatinib beyond first-line therapy in patients with advanced biliary tract carcinoma. Front Oncol. 2022; 12:785535.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.785535"},{"key":"166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"166. Zhu C, Xue J, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhang N, Wang Y, Zhang L, Yang X, Long J, Yang X, Sang X, Zhao H. Efficacy and safety of lenvatinib combined with PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors plus Gemox chemotherapy in advanced biliary tract cancer. Front Immunol. 2023; 14:1109292.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1109292"},{"key":"167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"167. Zhou J, Sun Y, Zhang W, Yuan J, Peng Z, Wang W, Gong J, Yang L, Cao Y, Zhao H, Chen C, Wang W, Shen L, Zhou A. Phase Ib study of anlotinib combined with TQB2450 in pretreated advanced biliary tract cancer and biomarker analysis. Hepatology. 2023; 77:65-76.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32548"},{"key":"168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"168. Jin S, Zhao R, Zhou C, <i>et al<\/i>. Feasibility and tolerability of sintilimab plus anlotinib as the second-line therapy for patients with advanced biliary tract cancers: An open-label, single-arm, phase II clinical trial. Int J Cancer. 2023; 152:1648-1658.","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34372"},{"key":"169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"169. Xu J, Bai Y, Sun H, Bai C, Jia R, Li Y, Zhang W, Liu L, Huang C, Guan M, Zhou J, Su W. A single-arm, multicenter, open-label phase 2 trial of surufatinib in patients with unresectable or metastatic biliary tract cancer. Cancer. 2021; 127:3975-3984.","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33803"}],"container-title":["BioScience Trends"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/bst\/19\/4\/19_2025.01233\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T04:25:44Z","timestamp":1758342344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/bst\/19\/4\/19_2025.01233\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]]},"references-count":169,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5582\/bst.2025.01233","relation":{},"ISSN":["1881-7815","1881-7823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1881-7815","type":"print"},{"value":"1881-7823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]]},"article-number":"2025.01233"}}