{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:07:31Z","timestamp":1789189651105,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement (IRCA-BSSA)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BST"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2026.01167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T22:10:36Z","timestamp":1789078236000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multidimensional social capital and latent anxiety severity profiles among Chinese medical graduate students: A multicenter cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.5582","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Student Affairs Office, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China."},{"name":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niannian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Student Affairs Office, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei Cancer Hospital of CAS, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Hefei, Anhui, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongliang","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanyuan","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziwen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China."},{"name":"The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China."},{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Director&apos;s Office, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3542","reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"1. OECD. Health at a Glance 2023: OECD Indicators. <i>https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/publications\/health-at-a-glance-2023_7a7afb35-en.html<\/i> (accessed August 27, 2026)."},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Wang W. Medical education in China: Progress in the past 70 years and a vision for the future. BMC Med Educ. 2021; 21:453.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-021-02875-6"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Wu L, Wang Y, Peng X, Song M, Guo X, Nelson H, Wang W. Development of a medical academic degree system in China. Med Educ Online. 2014; 19:23141.","DOI":"10.3402\/meo.v19.23141"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Peng P, Yang WF, Liu Y, <i>et al<\/i>. High prevalence and risk factors of dropout intention among Chinese medical postgraduates. Med Educ Online. 2022; 27:2058866.","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2022.2058866"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Lien SS, Kosik RO, Fan AP, Huang L, Zhao X, Chang X, Wang Y, Chen Q. 10-year trends in the production and attrition of Chinese medical graduates: An analysis of nationwide data. The Lancet. 2016; 388:S11.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31938-9"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Mao Y, Zhang N, Liu J, Zhu B, He R, Wang X. A systematic review of depression and anxiety in medical students in China. BMC Med Educ. 2019; 19:327.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-019-1744-2"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Hill MR, Goicochea S, Merlo LJ. In their own words: Stressors facing medical students in the millennial generation. Med Educ Online. 2018; 23:1530558.","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2018.1530558"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Zhang Y, Lin X, Yu L, Bai X, Li X, Long W. Sources of stress and coping strategies among Chinese medical graduate students: A qualitative study. BMC Med Educ. 2024; 24:624.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05603-y"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Hope V, Henderson M. Medical student depression, anxiety and distress outside North America: A systematic review. Med Educ. 2014; 48:963-979.","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.12512"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Maser B, Danilewitz M, Gu\u00e9rin E, Findlay L, Frank E. Medical Student Psychological Distress and Mental Illness Relative to the General Population: A Canadian Cross-Sectional Survey. Acad Med. 2019; 94:1781-1791.","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002958"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Stirparo G, Pireddu R, D&apos;Angelo M, Bottignole D, Mazzoli R, Gambol\u00f2 L. Is Mental Health Worse in Medical Students than in the General Population? A Cross-Sectional Study. Medicina (Kaunas). 2024; 60:863.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60060863"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Quek TT, Tam WW, Tran BX, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Ho CS, Ho RC. The Global Prevalence of Anxiety Among Medical Students: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019; 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16152735"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Kumar B, Shah MAA, Kumari R, Kumar A, Kumar J, Tahir A. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Final-year Medical Students. Cureus. 2019; 11:e4257.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.4257"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Mousa OY, Dhamoon MS, Lander S, Dhamoon AS. The MD Blues: Under-Recognized Depression and Anxiety in Medical Trainees. PLoS One. 2016; 11:e0156554.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156554"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Harpham T, Grant E, Thomas E. Measuring social capital within health surveys: Key issues. Health Policy Plan. 2002; 17:106-111.","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/17.1.106"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Amegbor PM, Braimah JA, Adjaye-Gbewonyo D, Rosenberg MW, Sabel CE. Effect of cognitive and structural social capital on depression among older adults in Ghana: A multilevel cross-sectional analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2020; 89:104045.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104045"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Mitchell AD, Bossert TJ. Measuring dimensions of social capital: Evidence from surveys in poor communities in Nicaragua. Soc Sci Med. 2007; 64:50-63.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.08.021"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Ehsan AM, De Silva MJ. Social capital and common mental disorder: A systematic review. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2015; 69:1021.","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2015-205868"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Goodman ML, Baker L, Maigallo AK, Elliott A, Keiser P, Raimer-Goodman L. Adverse childhood experiences, adult anxiety and social capital among women in rural Kenya. J Anxiety Disord. 2022; 91:102614.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2022.102614"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Doyle C, Bhar S, Bryant C, Dow B, Dunt D, Mnatzaganian G, O&apos;Connor D, Ratcliffe J, You E, Bagnall AM, Major G, Harper R, Fearn M. BEFRIENding for Depression, Anxiety and Social support in older adults living in Australian residential aged care facilities (BEFRIENDAS): Randomised controlled trial protocol. BMC Geriatr. 2021; 21:305.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02233-7"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Ozaki A, Horiuchi S, Kobayashi Y, Inoue M, Aida J, Leppold C, Yamaoka K. Beneficial Roles of Social Support for Mental Health Vary in the Japanese Population depending on Disaster Experience: A Nationwide Cross- Sectional Study. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2018; 246:213-223.","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.246.213"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Hall BJ, Pangan CAC, Chan EWW, Huang RL. The effect of discrimination on depression and anxiety symptoms and the buffering role of social capital among female domestic workers in Macao, China. Psychiatry Res. 2019; 271:200-207.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.11.050"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Zhao J, Nie L, Pan L, Pang M, Wang J, Zhou Y, Chen R, Liu H, Xu X, Zhou C, Li S, Kong F. Association between social capital, mental health, and digital health literacy among the university students in China: A multigroup analysis based on major difference. BMC Public Health. 2024; 24:2193.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19672-7"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Zung WW. A rating instrument for anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics. 1971; 12:371-379.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(71)71479-0"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Zhu W, Bai Z, Liao X, Xie X, Fang Y, Chen R. High social capital facilitates the alleviation of psychological distress in breast cancer patients: Insights from a cross-sectional study in Anhui Province, China. Biosci Trends. 2024; 18:315-324.","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2024.01168"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Bai Z, Wang Z, Shao T, Qin X, Hu Z. Relationship between Individual Social Capital and Functional Ability among Older People in Anhui Province, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:2775.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17082775"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Bai Z, Wang Z, Shao T, Qin X, Hu Z. Association between social capital and loneliness among older adults: A cross-sectional study in Anhui Province, China. BMC Geriatr. 2021; 21:26.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01973-2"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Wang J, Liu M, Bai J, Chen Y, Xia J, Liang B, Wei R, Lin J, Wu J, Xiong P. Prevalence of common mental disorders among medical students in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health. 2023; 11:1116616.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1116616"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Huang Z, Zhang L, Wang J, Wang T, Xu L, Yang X, Lu H. Nomogram reliability for predicting potential risk in postgraduate medical students with anxiety symptoms. Heliyon. 2022; 8:e10803.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10803"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Ling C, Yu S. The relationship between clinical work stress and anxiety in master&apos;s degree nursing students: The mediating role of psychological capital and social support. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023; 102:e33997.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000033997"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31. Ortega-Donaire L, \u00c1lvarez-Garc\u00eda C, L\u00f3pez-Franco MD, Sanz-Martos S. Effectiveness of Guided Breathing and Social Support for the Reduction of Pre-Exam Anxiety in University Students: A Factorial Study. Healthcare (Basel). 2023; 11:574.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11040574"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. Miething A, Mewes J, Giordano GN. Trust, happiness and mortality: Findings from a prospective US population-based survey. Soc Sci Med. 2020; 252:112809.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.112809"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. L\u00e5ftman SB, Raninen J, \u00d6stberg V. Trust in adolescence and depression and anxiety symptoms in young adulthood: Findings from a Swedish cohort. BMC Res Notes. 2024; 17:7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-023-06667-7"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. Sunde OS, Alteren J, Kleiven OT, Ytrehus S. Maintaining trust and seeking support: A qualitative study of family caregivers&apos; experiences interacting with health care services for home-dwelling older people with mental health problems. BMC Geriatr. 2025; 25:136.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-05781-4"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. Haslam C, Cruwys T, Haslam SA, Dingle G, Chang MX. Groups 4 Health: Evidence that a social-identity intervention that builds and strengthens social group membership improves mental health. J Affect Disord. 2016; 194:188-195.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.01.010"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36. Hawsawi AA, Nixon N, Nixon E. Navigating the medical journey: Insights into medical students&apos; psychological wellbeing, coping, and personality. PLoS One. 2025; 20:e0318399.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0318399"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37. Ogrin R, Robinson E, Rendell K, Alrababah S, Fineberg D, Fiddes K, Yerolemou A, Lim MH, Engel L, Lowthian JA. &quot;Connect Local&quot;: Protocol for the evaluation of a codesigned whole of community approach to promote social connection in older adults. Front Public Health. 2024; 12:1342562.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1342562"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38. Chen W, Lin Y, Yu X, Zheng W, Wu S, Huang M, Chen W, Zhou S. The Relationship between Bicultural Identity Integration, Self-Esteem, Academic Resilience, Interaction Anxiousness, and School Belonging among University Students with Vocational Qualifications. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19:3632.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063632"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39. Allen KA, Kern ML, Rozek CS, McInereney D, Slavich GM. Belonging: A Review of Conceptual Issues, an Integrative Framework, and Directions for Future Research. Aust J Psychol. 2021; 73:87-102.","DOI":"10.1080\/00049530.2021.1883409"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40. Goodenow C, and Grady KE. The Relationship of School Belonging and Friends&apos; Values to Academic Motivation Among Urban Adolescent Students. The Journal of Experimental Education. 1993; 62:60-71.","DOI":"10.1080\/00220973.1993.9943831"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41. Zheng J, Xu J, Liu D. The effect of activities of daily living on anxiety in older adult people: The mediating role of social participation. Front Public Health. 2024; 12:1450826.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1450826"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42. Chen JT, Wuthrich VM, Rapee RM, Draper B, Brodaty H, Cutler H, Low LF, Georgiou A, Johnco C, Jones M, Meuldijk D, Partington A. Improving mental health and social participation outcomes in older adults with depression and anxiety: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2022; 17:e0269981.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269981"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43. Huang J, Gao J, Yao M, Yao S. The impact and mechanism of neighbourhood social capital on mental health: A cross-sectional survey based on the floating elderly population in China. BMC Geriatr. 2025; 25:164.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-05789-w"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44. Kang S, Lee JL, Koo JH. The buffering effect of social capital for daily mental stress in an unequal society: A lesson from Seoul. Int J Equity Health. 2023; 22:64.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-023-01875-w"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45. Bailie J, Reed K, Matthews V, Scott KM, Ahern C, Bailie R. Volunteering as prosocial behaviour by medical students following a flooding disaster and impacts on their mental health: A mixed-methods study. Med Educ. 2024; 58:430-442.","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.15199"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46. Pokhrel NB, Khadayat R, Tulachan P. Depression, anxiety, and burnout among medical students and residents of a medical school in Nepal: A cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2020; 20:298.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02645-6"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47. Kebede MA, Anbessie B, Ayano G. Prevalence and predictors of depression and anxiety among medical students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2019; 13:30.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-019-0287-6"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48. Al Saadi T, Zaher Addeen S, Turk T, Abbas F, Alkhatib M. Psychological distress among medical students in conflicts: A cross-sectional study from Syria. BMC Med Educ. 2017; 17:173.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-017-1012-2"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49. Barnett MD, Maciel IV, Johnson DM, Ciepluch I. Social Anxiety and Perceived Social Support: Gender Differences and the Mediating Role of Communication Styles. Psychol Rep. 2021; 124:70-87.","DOI":"10.1177\/0033294119900975"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"50. Catuzzi JE, Beck KD. Anxiety vulnerability in women: A two-hit hypothesis. Exp Neurol. 2014; 259:75-80.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.01.023"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"51. Ramadianto AS, Kusumadewi I, Agiananda F, Raharjanti NW. Symptoms of depression and anxiety in Indonesian medical students: Association with coping strategy and resilience. BMC Psychiatry. 2022; 22:92.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03745-1"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"52. Richardson T, Elliott P, Roberts R, Jansen M. A Longitudinal Study of Financial Difficulties and Mental Health in a National Sample of British Undergraduate Students. Community Ment Health J. 2017; 53:344-352.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-016-0052-0"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"53. Oh H, Landr\u00e9 B, Yon DK, Frajerman A, Gyasi RM, Jacob L. Physical activity and suicidal behavior in medical students from the United States. J Affect Disord. 2024; 367:658-667.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.08.234"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"54. Hossain MN, Lee J, Choi H, Kwak YS, Kim J. The impact of exercise on depression: How moving makes your brain and body feel better. Phys Act Nutr. 2024; 28:43-51.","DOI":"10.20463\/pan.2024.0015"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"55. Huang Z, Zhang L, Wang J, Xu L, Liu Z, Wang T, Guo M, Xu X, Lu H. Social support and subjective well-being among postgraduate medical students: The mediating role of anxiety and the moderating role of alcohol and tobacco use. Heliyon. 2021; 7:e08621.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08621"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"56. Lovell ME, Bruno R, Johnston J, Matthews A, McGregor I, Allsop DJ, Lintzeris N. Cognitive, physical, and mental health outcomes between long-term cannabis and tobacco users. Addict Behav. 2018; 79:178-188.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.12.009"}],"container-title":["BioScience Trends"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/bst\/advpub\/0\/advpub_2026.01167\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T04:22:47Z","timestamp":1789186967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/bst\/advpub\/0\/advpub_2026.01167\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":56,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5582\/bst.2026.01167","relation":{},"ISSN":["1881-7815","1881-7823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1881-7815","type":"print"},{"value":"1881-7823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"2026.01167"}}