{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T04:05:38Z","timestamp":1779509138391,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement (IRCA-BSSA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["DD&amp;T"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"DOI":"10.5582\/ddt.2025.01135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T22:09:10Z","timestamp":1776204550000},"page":"199-204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends in the prescription of constipation medications in Japan (fiscal years 2019-2023): A nationwide baseline study prior to the 2023 clinical guidelines"],"prefix":"10.5582","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Practical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Practical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3542","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Sumida K, Molnar MZ, Potukuchi PK, Thomas F, Lu JL, Yamagata K, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kovesdy CP. Constipation and risk of death and cardiovascular events. Atherosclerosis. 2019; 281:114-120.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.021"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Honkura K, Tomata Y, Sugiyama K, Kaiho Y, Watanabe T, Zhang S, Sugawara Y, Tsuji I. Defecation frequency and cardiovascular disease mortality in Japan: The Ohsaki cohort study. Atherosclerosis. 2016; 246:251-256.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.007"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Kubota Y, Iso H, Tamakoshi A. Bowel movement frequency, laxative use, and mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke among Japanese men and women: the Japan collaborative cohort (JACC) study. J Epidemiol. 2016; 26:242-248.","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20150123"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. Adams-Carr KL, Bestwick JP, Shribman S, Lees A, Schrag A, Noyce AJ. Constipation preceding Parkinson&apos;s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016; 87:710-716.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-311680"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Sumida K, Molnar MZ, Potukuchi PK, Thomas F, Lu JL, Matsushita K, Yamagata K, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kovesdy CP. Constipation and incident CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017; 28:1248-1258.","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016060656"},{"key":"6","unstructured":"6. Ihara E, Manabe N, Ohkubo H, <i>et al<\/i>. Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines for Chronic Constipation 2023. Digestion. 2025; 106:62-89."},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Mihara H, Murayama A, Nanjo S, Ando T, Tajiri K, Fujinami H, Yamada M, Yasuda I. Factors correlated with drug use for constipation: perspectives from the 2016 open Japanese National Database. BMC Gastroenterol. 2020; 20:284.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01425-6"},{"key":"8","unstructured":"8. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The 10th NDB Open Data Commentary. <i>https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/content\/12400000\/001492909.pdf<\/i> (accessed August 9, 2025)."},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Taira K, Mori T, Ishimaru M, Iwagami M, Sakata N, Watanabe T, Takahashi H, Tamiya N. Regional inequality in dental care utilization in Japan: an ecological study using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2021; 12:100170.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100170"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Tanaka H, Onoda T, Ishii T. Understanding the actual use of anti-HIV drugs in Japan from 2016 to 2019: demonstrating epidemiological relevance of NDB Open Data Japan for understanding Japanese medical care. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19:12130.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912130"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Murakami G, Muramatsu K, Hayashida K, Fujimori K, Matsuda S. Ecological analysis of factors associated with mortality of cerebral infarction in Japan. Asian Pac J Dis Manag. 2014; 6:73-76.","DOI":"10.7223\/apjdm.6.73"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Camilleri M, Ford AC, Mawe GM, Dinning PG, Rao SS, Chey WD, Simr\u00e9n M, Lembo A, Young-Fadok TM, Chang L. Chronic constipation. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017; 3:17095.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.95"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Chang JY, Locke GR 3rd, McNally MA, Halder SL, Schleck CD, Zinsmeister AR, Talley NJ. Impact of functional gastrointestinal disorders on survival in the community. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010; 105:822-832.","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.40"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. MacLennan WJ, Pooler A. A comparison of sodium picosulphate (&quot;laxoberal&quot;) with standardised senna (&quot;senokot&quot;) in geriatric patients. Curr Med Res Opin. 1975; 2:641-647.","DOI":"10.1185\/03007997409111877"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Wald A. Is chronic use of stimulant laxatives harmful to the colon? J Clin Gastroenterol. 2003; 36:386-389.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200305000-00004"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Yamate Y, Hiramoto K, Yokoyama S , Ooi K. Immunological changes in the intestines and skin after senna administration. Pharm Biol. 2015; 53:913-920.","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2014.948636"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Freeman H. &quot;Melanosis&quot; in the small and large intestine. World J Gastroenterol. 2008; 14:4296-4299.","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.4296"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Liu ZH, Foo DCC, Law WL, Chan FSY, Fan JKM, Peng JS. Melanosis coli: harmless pigmentation? A case-control retrospective study of 657 cases. PLoS One. 2017; 12:e0186668.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186668"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Yamaguchi H, Shimada H, Yoshita K, Tsubata Y, Ikarashi K, Morioka T, Saito N, Sakai S, Narita I. Severe hypermagnesemia induced by magnesium oxide ingestion: a case series. CEN Case Rep. 2019; 8:31-37.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13730-018-0359-5"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Ishii H, Sawada R, Shiomi M, Shibuya K. A case-control study showing low creatinine clearance and high magnesium intake as risk factors for hypermagnesemia in older individuals. Magnes Res. 2023; 36:23-30.","DOI":"10.1684\/mrh.2023.0513"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Esmadi M, Ahmad D, Hewlett A. Efficacy of naldemedine for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation: a meta-analysis. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2019; 28:41-46.","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld.2014.1121.281.any"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Higgins PD, Johanson JF. Epidemiology of constipation in North America: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004; 99:750-759.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.04114.x"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Johanson JF. Geographic distribution of constipation in the United States. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998; 93:188-191.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.00188.x"},{"key":"24","unstructured":"24. Kasugai K, Yamamoto S, Kawamura Y, Adachi K, Yamaguchi Y, Tamura Y, Izawa S, Hijikata Y, Ebi M, Funaki Y, Ogasawara N, Sasaki M. Internet survey of the actual situation of constipation in Japanese general population REACTION-J:research for actual situation of constipation in the Japanese. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi. 2019; 116:913-926. (In Japanese)"}],"container-title":["Drug Discoveries &amp; Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/ddt\/20\/2\/20_2025.01135\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T03:27:50Z","timestamp":1779506870000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/ddt\/20\/2\/20_2025.01135\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5582\/ddt.2025.01135","relation":{},"ISSN":["1881-7831","1881-784X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1881-7831","type":"print"},{"value":"1881-784X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"article-number":"2025.01135"}}