{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:18:01Z","timestamp":1792707481761,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["int j tuberc lung dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> Systematic screening for active TB is recommended for all people living with HIV (PLWH); however, case detection remains poor globally. We investigated the yield of active case finding (ACF) by calculating the number needed to screen (NNS) to detect a case of active\n TB among PLWH.<jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold> We identified studies reporting ACF for TB among PLWH published from November 2010 to February 2020. We calculated crude NNS for Xpert- or culture-confirmed TB and weighted mean NNS stratified by screening approach, population\/risk group, and country TB burden.<jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold>\n Of the 27,221 abstracts screened, we identified 58 studies eligible for inclusion, including 5 in low\/moderate TB incidence settings and 53 in medium\/high incidence settings. Populations screened for TB included inpatients, outpatients not receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), outpatients\n receiving ART, those with CD4 &lt; 200 cells\/\u00b5L, children aged \u226415 years, pregnant PLWH, and PLWH in prisons. Screening tools included symptom-based screening, chest X-ray, C-reactive protein levels, and Xpert. The weighted mean NNS varied across groups but was consistently low, ranging\n from 4 among inpatients in moderate\/high TB burden settings to 137 among pregnant PLWH in moderate\/high TB burden settings.<jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold> ACF is a high yield intervention among PLWH. Approaches to screening should be tailored to local epidemiological and health-system contexts, and\n sensitive screening tools such as Xpert should be implemented where feasible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.21.0049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T04:39:07Z","timestamp":1622263147000},"page":"427-435","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A systematic review of the number needed to screen for active TB among people living with HIV"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"L. H.","family":"Chaisson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Naufal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Delgado-Barroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. S.","family":"Alvarez-Manzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. O.","family":"Robsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. R.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. E.","family":"Golub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Medicine Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. E.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Global Health and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3554","container-title":["The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/iuatld\/ijtld\/2021\/00000025\/00000006\/art00004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T04:48:41Z","timestamp":1637815721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.5588\/ijtld.21.0049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1027-3719(20210601)25:6L.427;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.21.0049","relation":{},"ISSN":["1027-3719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1027-3719","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]}}}