{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T19:13:01Z","timestamp":1783365181394,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["int j tuberc lung dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> The greatest burden of chronic respiratory disease is in low- and middle-income countries, with recent population-based studies reporting substantial levels of obstructive and restrictive lung function.<jats:bold>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:bold> To characterise the common chronic respiratory\n diseases encountered in hospital outpatient clinics in three African countries.<jats:bold>METHODS<\/jats:bold> This was a cross-sectional study of consecutive adult patients with chronic respiratory symptoms (&gt;8 weeks) attending hospital outpatient departments in Ethiopia, Kenya and Sudan. Patients\n were assessed using a respiratory questionnaire, spirometry and chest radiography. The diagnoses of the reviewing clinicians were ascertained.<jats:bold>RESULT:<\/jats:bold> A total of 519 patients (209 Kenya, 170 Ethiopia, 140 Sudan) participated; the mean age was 45.2 years (SD 16.2); 53% were women,\n 83% had never smoked. Reviewing clinicians considered that 36% (95% CI 32\u201340) of patients had asthma, 25% (95% CI 21\u201329) had chronic bronchitis, 8% (95% CI 6\u201311) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 5% (95% CI 4\u20138) bronchiectasis and 4% (95% CI 3\u20136) post-TB\n lung disease. Spirometry consistent with COPD was present in 35% (95% CI 30\u201339). Restriction was evident in 38% (95% CI 33\u201343). There was evidence of sub-optimal diagnosis of asthma and COPD.<jats:bold>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:bold> In Ethiopia, Kenya and Sudan, asthma, COPD and chronic bronchitis\n account for the majority of diagnoses in non-TB patients with chronic respiratory symptoms. The suboptimal diagnosis of these conditions will require the widespread use of spirometry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.21.0362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T04:46:07Z","timestamp":1640925967000},"page":"18-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Chronic respiratory disease in adult outpatients in three African countries: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"A. B.","family":"Binegdie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Meme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenyan Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"El Sony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiological Laboratory (Epi-Lab) for Public Health, Research and Development, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Haile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiological Laboratory (Epi-Lab) for Public Health, Research and Development, Khartoum, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Miheso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenyan Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Zurba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Education for Health Africa, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Lesosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology Biostatistics, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Balmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. J.","family":"Burney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Mortimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Devereux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"on behalf of the Lung Health in Africa across","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3554","container-title":["The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/iuatld\/ijtld\/2022\/00000026\/00000001\/art00005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T04:33:25Z","timestamp":1641357205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.5588\/ijtld.21.0362"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1027-3719(20220101)26:1L.18;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.21.0362","relation":{},"ISSN":["1027-3719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1027-3719","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]}}}