{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T16:14:52Z","timestamp":1777047292644,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["int j tuberc lung dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> India has the highest prevalence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) globally. Vitamin D deficiency is potentially an important risk factor for MDR-TB.<jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold> We conducted a case-control study of 90 newly diagnosed adult MDR-TB cases, 180 household controls\n and 82 non-household controls in Mumbai, India. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), anthropometry, clinical status and history, dietary data and sociodemographic data were collected from each participant. Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) was also performed in controls to assess latent\n TB. Multivariable regression was performed to estimate associations between 25(OH)D vs. case status and IGRA positivity.<jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> Mean participant age was 33.8 \u00b1 12.0 years; 72.8% had 25(OH)D &lt;20 ng\/ml. Mean 25(OH)D was significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) lower in cases\n (12.5 \u00b1 7.9) than both household (17.5 \u00b1 11.2) and non-household controls (16.4 \u00b1 9.1). In multivariable models, 25(OH)D concentration was inversely associated with MDR-TB case status among cases and household controls (OR 0.95 per 1 ng\/ml, 95% CI 0.92\u20130.99; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.015), and among cases and non-household controls (OR 0.94 per 1 ng\/ml, 95% CI 0.89\u20131.00; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.033); 53.6% of controls were IGRA-positive. 25(OH)D status was not associated with IGRA positivity.<jats:bold>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:bold> Vitamin D status was independently associated with MDR-TB\n case status. Research should evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in prevention and adjunctive treatment of MDR-TB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.21.0639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T04:34:53Z","timestamp":1661229293000},"page":"826-834","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Case-control study of vitamin D status and adult multidrug-resistant pulmonary TB"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Shukla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis Research, Foundation for Medical Research, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bromage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Dholakia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis Research, Foundation for Medical Research, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. C.","family":"Hemler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Dev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis Research, Foundation for Medical Research, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Govekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis Research, Foundation for Medical Research, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Tipre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. A.","family":"Keshavjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Mistry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis Research, Foundation for Medical Research, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. W.","family":"Fawzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public\n Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3554","container-title":["The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/iuatld\/ijtld\/2022\/00000026\/00000009\/art00005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T04:35:12Z","timestamp":1661229312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.5588\/ijtld.21.0639"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1027-3719(20220901)26:9L.826;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.21.0639","relation":{},"ISSN":["1027-3719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1027-3719","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]}}}