{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T13:57:02Z","timestamp":1788616622781,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["int j tuberc lung dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) decreases the risk of developing TB disease and its associated morbidity and mortality. The aim of these clinical standards is to guide the assessment, management of TB infection (TBI) and implementation of TPT.\n                    <jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A panel of global experts in the field of TB care was identified; 41 participated in a Delphi process. A 5-point Likert scale was used to score the initial standards. After rounds of revision, the document was approved with 100% agreement.\n                    <jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Eight clinical standards were defined:\n Standard 1, all individuals belonging to at-risk groups for TB should undergo testing for TBI; Standard 2, all individual candidates for TPT (including caregivers of children) should undergo a counselling\/health education session; Standard 3, testing for TBI: timing and test of choice should\n be optimised; Standard 4, TB disease should be excluded prior to initiation of TPT; Standard 5, all candidates for TPT should undergo a set of baseline examinations; Standard 6, all individuals initiating TPT should receive one of the recommended regimens; Standard 7, all individuals who have\n started TPT should be monitored; Standard 8, a TBI screening and testing register should be kept to inform the cascade of care.\n                    <jats:bold>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This is the first consensus-based set of Clinical Standards for TBI. This document guides clinicians, programme managers and public health officers\n in planning and implementing adequate measures to assess and manage TBI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.21.0753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T23:32:33Z","timestamp":1645659153000},"page":"190-205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Clinical standards for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of TB infection"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"G. B.","family":"Migliori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. J.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Matteelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy, WHO Collaborating Centre for TB\/HIV Collaborative Activities and for TB Elimination Strategy, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Zenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Public Health, Institute for Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Goletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d, IRCCS, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ahmedov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USAID, Bureau for Global Health, TB Division, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Al-Abri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. M.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore City, Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme, Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore,\n Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. E.","family":"Balcells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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