{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,2]],"date-time":"2024-06-02T00:16:48Z","timestamp":1717287408115},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["int j tuberc lung dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<sec id=\"st1\"><title>BACKGROUND<\/title>Confirming the aetiology of pleural effusion in children may be difficult in TB-endemic settings. We investigated the role of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and routine biochemical tests in discriminating pleural effusion\n caused by bacteria from other aetiologies.<\/sec><sec id=\"st2\"><title>METHODS<\/title>This is a cross-sectional post-hoc analysis among children with pleural effusion in a tertiary hospital in South Africa, incorporating new data from PCR testing of stored pleural\n fluid. Aetiological classification was defined by microbiological confirmation.<\/sec><sec id=\"st3\"><title>RESULTS<\/title>Ninety-one children were enrolled; the median age 31 months (IQR 12\u2013102). The aetiology of pleural effusion was 40% (36\/91) bacteria,\n 11% (10\/91) TB, 3% (3\/91) viruses, 11% (10\/91) polymicrobial and 35% (32\/91) had no pathogen identified. The most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (27\/91, 30%) with similar yields on culture and PCR, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (12\/91, 13%), detected more commonly\n by PCR. PCR reduced the number of children with unconfirmed aetiologies from 48 to 32. Characteristics of children with no pathogen most resembled those with TB. Pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase \u22651,716 U\/L best discriminated bacterial pleural effusion from other aetiologies (sensitivity\n of 86%; specificity 95%).<\/sec><sec id=\"st4\"><title>CONCLUSION<\/title>PCR improved detection of pathogens and reduced number of children with unconfirmed aetiologies in presumed exudative pleural effusion.<\/sec><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.23.0444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T04:35:12Z","timestamp":1717216512000},"page":"295-300","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aetiology of pleural effusions in children living in a high TB endemic setting"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Wordui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa;, Department of Child Health, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Masu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Golden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Chaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa;, MRC Unit for Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Reichmuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Visagie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa;, MRC Unit for Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ayuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.K.","family":"Owusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa;, Department of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science\n and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Marangu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa;, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kenyatta National Hospital, University of Nairobi, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Affendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa;, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Terengganu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lakhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Vanker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.J.","family":"Zar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa;, MRC Unit for Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Zampoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3554","container-title":["The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/iuatld\/ijtld\/2024\/00000028\/00000006\/art00006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T04:35:15Z","timestamp":1717216515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.5588\/ijtld.23.0444"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1027-3719(20240601)28:6L.295;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.23.0444","relation":{},"ISSN":["1027-3719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1027-3719","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]}}}