{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T09:18:07Z","timestamp":1781083087328,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["int j tuberc lung dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"<sec><title>INTRODUCTION<\/title>Understanding factors associated with increased risk for tuberculosis (TB) recurrence is essential in lowering the TB burden. We aimed to quantify the burden, risk factors, and timing of TB presumptive recurrence.<\/sec><sec><title>METHODS<\/title>We\n analyzed test results from 2013 to 2017 in the South African National Health Laboratory Service\u2019s database. We defined a person\u2019s TB episode to start with their first positive TB test. In the absence of treatment outcome data, we assumed the episode concluded 6 months later for\n rifampicin-susceptible TB (RS-TB) and 18 months later for rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB), provided that at least one negative smear or culture test was recorded within this period. We defined a presumptive recurrent TB episode to start with a positive TB test after the completion of a prior\n episode. We calculated recurrence measures stratified by various demographics and RR-TB status.<\/sec><sec><title>RESULTS<\/title>Of 574,316 people with RS-TB, 4.7% experienced at least one presumptive recurrent TB episode. Higher local TB notification rates,\n HIV coinfection, and males experienced higher recurrence rates. Most (89.4%) of the first RS-TB recurrences occurred within a year of the initial episode.<\/sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION<\/title>Our findings of when and among whom recurrent TB is more likely to occur\n can be used to assist early interventions and inform impact on patient care.<\/sec><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.24.0019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T04:30:36Z","timestamp":1730176236000},"page":"527-533","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Risk factors for and timing of presumptive recurrent TB"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"A.N.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;, Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University\n of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wits Diagnostic Innovation Hub, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Moultrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tuberculosis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.R.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Bor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;, Department of Global Health, Boston University\n School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Conradie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wits Diagnostic Innovation Hub, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;, Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Jose Pearson TB Hospital, Port Elizabeth, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Priority Program, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Mlisana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Priority Program, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.E.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.S.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wits Diagnostic Innovation Hub, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;, National Priority Program, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3554","container-title":["The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/iuatld\/ijtld\/2024\/00000028\/00000011\/art00003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T04:30:45Z","timestamp":1730176245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.5588\/ijtld.24.0019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1027-3719(20241101)28:11L.527;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.24.0019","relation":{},"ISSN":["1027-3719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1027-3719","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]}}}