{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T13:06:12Z","timestamp":1770987972726,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["int j tuberc lung dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;OBJECTIVE&lt;\/title&gt;To summarise the available literature regarding clinical presentation, immunological and microbiological diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of miliary TB in children and adolescents.&lt;\/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;METHODS&lt;\/title&gt;Four\n databases were searched from 1 January 1950 to 31 January 2023. \u201cMiliary\u201d and \u201cdisseminated\u201d TB were the main search concepts.&lt;\/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;FINDINGS&lt;\/title&gt;Of 257 studies, 1,883 patients with miliary TB were included. Bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin\n (BCG) vaccination was confirmed in 223\/549 (40.6%) children. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement was reported in 367\/924 (39.7%) cases; many of them had no neurological symptoms despite also having abnormal brain imaging. Of 1,112 children with known outcomes, 341 (30.6%) died; mortality\n was higher in publications before 1995 (41.5%) and in children with CNS involvement (31.9%). TB microbiological confirmation (55.8%) and sensitivity of tuberculin skin test (46.9%) and QuantiFERON Gold (72.4%) were overall low.&lt;\/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;CONCLUSIONS&lt;\/title&gt;Evidence\n is lacking to support best practices for paediatric miliary TB. Whether lumbar puncture (LP) and brain imaging should both be routinely done in miliary TB children, or a step-by-step approach based on initial LP findings, remains unclear. This study should inform policymakers and funding agencies\n about current significant gaps that need to be addressed by future high-quality studies.&lt;\/sec&gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.24.0106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T04:58:00Z","timestamp":1724734680000},"page":"412-418","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Miliary TB in children and adolescents: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Buonsenso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy;, Centro di Salute Globale, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore,\n Roma, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Mariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Morello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3554","container-title":["The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/iuatld\/ijtld\/2024\/00000028\/00000009\/art00003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T04:58:11Z","timestamp":1724734691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.5588\/ijtld.24.0106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1027-3719(20240901)28:9L.412;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.24.0106","relation":{},"ISSN":["1027-3719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1027-3719","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}}}