{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T11:07:08Z","timestamp":1772622428449,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["int j tuberc lung dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<sec><title>BACKGROUND<\/title>More than 10 million individuals develop active TB each year. The diagnosis and treatment of TB create greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to climate change. This study estimates the carbon footprint (CF) of successfully treating\n one person with drug-susceptible pulmonary TB (DS-PTB) in India.<\/sec><sec><title>METHODS<\/title>We defined the cascade of care for DS-PTB using national guidelines, interviews, and direct observation. We estimated the inputs for TB diagnosis and treatment in\n United States dollars, kilowatts per hour, and kilometres travelled; we converted them into carbon dioxide emissions equivalents (CO2<\/jats:sub>e) using an appropriate calculator.<\/sec><sec><title>RESULTS<\/title>The CF of diagnosing and treating one person with\n DS-PTB in India is 103.8 kg CO2<\/jats:sub>e: 31.9% attributable to diagnosis and 68.1% to treatment. Emissions came primarily from first-line drugs (21.2%), hospitalisations (17.4%), and laboratory processes.<\/sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION<\/title>We conservatively\n estimate that treating all persons with TB in India would produce at least 290,640 metric tonnes of CO2<\/jats:sub>e per year, approximately the same emissions as 63,182 passenger cars in the United States. It is evident that one of India\u2019s leading public health challenges also contributes\n meaningfully to climate change.<\/sec><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.24.0157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T00:30:57Z","timestamp":1727483457000},"page":"488-493","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clearing the air: microcosting the carbon impact of drug-susceptible pulmonary TB treatment"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"M.F.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA;, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.R.","family":"Dauphinais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tabackman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA;, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.B.","family":"Narasimhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jawaharlal Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.C.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA;, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.S.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA;, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Sahay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Namachivayam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jawaharlal Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Janarthanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jawaharlal Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Palanivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jawaharlal Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Lakshminarayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jawaharlal Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.G.","family":"Koura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France;, UMR261 MERIT, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, IRD, F-75006, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA;, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3554","container-title":["The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/iuatld\/ijtld\/2024\/00000028\/00000010\/art00004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T04:35:19Z","timestamp":1757997319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.5588\/ijtld.24.0157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1027-3719(20241001)28:10L.488;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.24.0157","relation":{},"ISSN":["1027-3719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1027-3719","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]}}}