{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:47:47Z","timestamp":1787032067709,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["int j tuberc lung dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    &lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;BACKGROUND&lt;\/title&gt;Population-based surveys are crucial for understanding smoking and TB epidemiology.&lt;\/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;METHODS&lt;\/title&gt;A sub-national cross-sectional survey was conducted among individuals aged \u226515 years\n in 180 clusters in Southern India.&lt;\/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;RESULTS&lt;\/title&gt;Among 130,914 participants included for analysis, 117,091 were non-smokers, 5,410 were past smokers, and 8,413 were current smokers. Sixty-two (0.7%) participants in the current smoking group,\n 31 (0.6%) participants in the past smoking group, and 151 (0.1%) participants in the non-smoking group were diagnosed with microbiologically confirmed pulmonary TB (MCPTB). The crude prevalence ratio (cPR) of MCPTB in the smoking population was 4.33 (95% CI 3.30\u20135.68,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01).\n The adjusted PR (aPR) of MCPTB among the smoking population for the 31\u201345-years age group was 4.38 (95% CI 0.96\u201320.04); among those aged 46\u201360 years, this was 9.69 (95% CI 2.29\u201340.91); and among those aged &gt;60 years, it was 11.59 (95% CI 2.74\u201349.05). The aPR\n among those with a body mass index of &lt;16.50 kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , was 13.18 (95% CI 5.46\u201331.86). The aPR among those with alcohol use was 2.43 (95% CI 1.10\u20135.35), and 3.19 (95% CI 1.79\u20135.69) among those with a history of TB.&lt;\/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;CONCLUSION&lt;\/title&gt;The\n prevalence of MCPTB in smokers is significantly higher than in non-smokers. Increasing age, undernutrition, alcohol use, and history of PTB were strongly associated with PTB among smoking participants.&lt;\/sec&gt;\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.24.0359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T23:32:27Z","timestamp":1735947147000},"page":"29-34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["TB prevalence is higher among smokers"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Prathiksha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Newtonraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Thiruvengadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Frederick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Selvaraju;","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3554","container-title":["The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/iuatld\/ijtld\/2025\/00000029\/00000001\/art00005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T23:32:34Z","timestamp":1735947154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.5588\/ijtld.24.0359"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1027-3719(20250101)29:1L.29;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.24.0359","relation":{},"ISSN":["1027-3719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1027-3719","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}}}