{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T05:10:01Z","timestamp":1754111401324,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["int j tuberc lung dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"abstract":"<sec><title>BACKGROUND<\/title>Ethiopia has reported a high rate of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). We aimed to identify the epidemiology of TB (sub-) lineages and the transmission cluster of EPTB as understanding the driving genotypes helps to implement appropriate intervention.<\/sec><sec><title>METHODS<\/title>In\n a cross-sectional study conducted between 2022\u20132023, whole genome sequencing was employed on microbiologically confirmed EPTB isolates. A bioinformatics pipeline MTBSeq was used to analyze genomic data.<\/sec><sec><title>RESULTS<\/title>The majority (98.1%)\n of study isolates belonged to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> (MTB) species, and the remaining 1.9% were identified as Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic>. The MTB species were further classified into 4 common lineages and 15 sub-lineages. The Euro-American lineage 4 (63.8%) and East African\n Indian lineage 3 (31.9%) were predominant. Lineage 4 was further branched into 11 sub-lineages, of which the group Clade1 (n = 78, 48.8%) was the highest, followed by the Haarlem branch (n = 19, 11.9%). The clustering rate and recent transmission index were 12.5% and 6.9% respectively. The\n risk of rifampicin resistance increases among (sub-)lineage 4.2.2 genotypes.<\/sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION<\/title>There was high genotype variability and low clustering rate among main MTBC genotypes and (sub-)lineages of EPTB. M.bovis<\/jats:italic> was detected among\n EPTB patients in central urban areas.<\/sec><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.24.0685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T04:33:09Z","timestamp":1754109189000},"page":"355-361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> genotypes isolated from clinical specimens of extrapulmonary TB"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Mollalign","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Infectious Diseases Research Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;, Addis Ababa University, Department of Microbial Sciences and Genetics, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Beyene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addis Ababa University, Department of Microbial Sciences and Genetics, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Moga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Infectious Diseases Research Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.H.","family":"Alemayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ayele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Melaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Chala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Infectious Diseases Research Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Getu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Infectious Diseases Research Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Getahun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Infectious Diseases Research Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.H.","family":"Tola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.M.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Wassie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Bobosha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3554","container-title":["The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/iuatld\/ijtld\/2025\/00000029\/00000008\/art00004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T04:33:10Z","timestamp":1754109190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.5588\/ijtld.24.0685"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1027-3719(20250801)29:8L.355;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.24.0685","relation":{},"ISSN":["1027-3719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1027-3719","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]}}}