{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T05:12:18Z","timestamp":1784783538452,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["int j tuberc lung dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"abstract":"\n <sec><title>BACKGROUND<\/title>Differentiated service delivery (DSD) includes service decentralisation, multi-month medication dispensing, and treatment support. We describe demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment support, and outcomes among clients\n treated under a TB treatment DSD model in five facilities in Lusaka and Livingstone, Zambia, from February 2022 to March 2023.<\/sec><sec><title>METHODS<\/title>Medicines were dispensed for 2 months in intensive and 4 months in the continuation phases of TB treatment.\n Treatment support was provided through text message, phone, and home visits to monitor symptoms, adherence, and adverse events. Association between demographic, clinical, and treatment support variables and likelihood of successful treatment was examined using Pearson\u2019s \u03c7\u00b2 or\n Fisher\u2019s exact tests.<\/sec><sec><title>RESULTS<\/title>Among 970 clients treated under DSD, most were HIV-negative (72%) and had pulmonary TB (94%). Only 6% of the clients ever-responded to text-based surveys, while 85% were reached by phone or home visit.\n Overall, 83% of the clients were successfully treated for TB. Significant differences in treatment success were observed by facility (74%\u201391%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), form of TB (extra-pulmonary 72%, pulmonary 84%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.020), and received any treatment support (no, 76%, yes, 85%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.006).<\/sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION<\/title>DSD models including treatment support may give clients more control over how, when, and where they receive care while achieving treatment success.<\/sec>\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.25.0164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:32:39Z","timestamp":1772253159000},"page":"107-113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Differentiated service delivery for TB treatment"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"H.B.","family":"Mulenga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.K.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global HIV and TB, Global TB Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Lyembele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Kalunkumya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Sinkala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Mwiinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global HIV and TB, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Lungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National TB and Leprosy Program, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.B.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global HIV and TB, Global TB Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bosomprah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia;, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Banda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Provincial Health Office, Choma, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Nkwemu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.W.","family":"Mwanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Savory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.B.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mubanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National TB and Leprosy Program, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Chiyenu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Livingstone University Teaching Hospital, Livingstone, Zambia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Bweupe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Livingstone University Teaching Hospital, Livingstone, Zambia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Chiyala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Livingstone University Teaching Hospital, Livingstone, Zambia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Zachary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global HIV and TB, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3554","container-title":["The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/iuatld\/ijtld\/2026\/00000030\/00000003\/art00003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T04:33:50Z","timestamp":1772339630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.5588\/ijtld.25.0164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]}},"alternative-id":["1027-3719(20260227)30:3L.107;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.25.0164","relation":{},"ISSN":["1027-3719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1027-3719","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]}}}