{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T05:00:52Z","timestamp":1772341252517,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["int j tuberc lung dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"abstract":"\n <sec><title>BACKGROUND<\/title>Diagnosing pulmonary TB (PTB) in patients with negative sputum acid-fast bacillus (AFB) staining is challenging and impedes transmission control. This study assessed the prognostic utility of sputum high-mobility group box protein\n 1 (HMGB1) in PTB, focusing on treatment outcomes.<\/sec><sec><title>METHODS<\/title>In a prospective cohort study, we enrolled 66 PTB patients: 37 smear-positive (MTB-MC) and 29 smear-negative but clinically suspected (MTB-SN), confirmed by bacteriology or treatment\n response. All underwent GeneXpert MTB\/RIF testing. Sputum HMGB1 levels were measured at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months post-treatment.<\/sec><sec><title>RESULTS<\/title>Of the 66 participants, 37 had bacteriologically confirmed PTB (MTB-MC) with AFB grades ranging\n from scanty (n = 6) to 3+ (n = 12), and 29 had smear-negative PTB (MTB-SN). Sputum HMGB1 levels declined significantly during treatment (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Baseline HMGB1 strongly correlated with bacillary load (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \n 2<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sup>\n = 0.4645,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001). Notably, 2-month\n HMGB1 levels predicted culture conversion, with an area under the curve of 0.885 for treatment failure in the MTB-MC group.<\/sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION<\/title>Sputum HMGB1 is a promising marker for monitoring treatment response and predicting failure in PTB,\n especially in smear-negative cases. Despite limited diagnostic specificity due to elevation in inflammatory conditions, its role in assessing 2-month culture conversion warrants further study. Larger studies are needed to validate clinical thresholds.<\/sec>\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.25.0186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:32:39Z","timestamp":1772253159000},"page":"100-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prognostic value of sputum HMGB1 in smear-negative and smear-positive pulmonary TB"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Kamolratanakul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;, Tropical Immunology and Translational Research Unit (TITRU), Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine,\n Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Bhunyakarnjanarat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;, Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn\n University, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Ariyanon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Banphaeo General Hospital, Samut Sakhon, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Wilairatana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Leelahavanichkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;, Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn\n University, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Chancharoenthana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;, Tropical Immunology and Translational Research Unit (TITRU), Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical\n Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3554","container-title":["The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/iuatld\/ijtld\/2026\/00000030\/00000003\/art00002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T04:33:49Z","timestamp":1772339629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.5588\/ijtld.25.0186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]}},"alternative-id":["1027-3719(20260227)30:3L.100;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.25.0186","relation":{},"ISSN":["1027-3719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1027-3719","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]}}}