{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T05:49:08Z","timestamp":1782884948137,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["int j tuberc lung dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;BACKGROUND&lt;\/title&gt;Data are needed to guide TB prevention and case finding for children and adolescents. In this study, we hypothesised that risk factors for incident TB infection would change with age as young people spend more time outside the household,\n and the relative contribution of the household would therefore be low.&lt;\/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;METHODS&lt;\/title&gt;We employed a longitudinal TB immunoreactivity survey in rural southwestern Uganda (ages 1\u201317 years). Our objectives were to 1) characterise overall\n and age-specific incidence and predictors of TB infection among children and adolescents and 2) estimate proportion of incident TB infections attributable to a household case. QuantiFERON (QFT) tests were used to test for TB infection, at baseline and at follow-up among participants who were\n QFT-negative at baseline.&lt;\/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;RESULTS&lt;\/title&gt;Between June 2023 and September 2024, 3,145\/4,707 (66.8%) eligible participants had a follow-up QFT. Estimated cumulative 1-year incidence of TB infection was 2.1% (95% confidence interval: 1.8%\u20134.1%),\n increasing with age. Household factors (alcohol use and outmigration) were predictive for children and community factors (participant-mobility and boarding school attendance) for adolescents. Household TB contact was predictive across age groups, but the relative contribution was low.&lt;\/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;CONCLUSION&lt;\/title&gt;Our\n data reinforce the need for non-household, age-specific active case-finding programmes among young people.&lt;\/sec&gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.25.0592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T04:33:48Z","timestamp":1782794028000},"page":"303-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incidence and predictors of TB infection among children and adolescents in the SONET study"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Abbott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Kakande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Ssekyanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Ahiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Nattabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Temple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Chamie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Havlir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.D.","family":"Charlebois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.R.","family":"Kamya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda;, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.B.","family":"Balzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Marquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3554","container-title":["The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/iuatld\/ijtld\/2026\/00000030\/00000007\/art00002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T04:32:44Z","timestamp":1782880364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.5588\/ijtld.25.0592"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]}},"alternative-id":["1027-3719(20260629)30:7L.303;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.25.0592","relation":{},"ISSN":["1027-3719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1027-3719","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]}}}