{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T05:18:22Z","timestamp":1787980702226,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["int j tuberc lung dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;BACKGROUND&lt;\/title&gt;Non-adherence to TB treatment is associated with substantially increased mortality risk among children, yet determinants of unsuccessful treatment outcomes remain under-recognised. We examined factors associated with unsuccessful TB\n treatment outcomes among children and adolescents in Indonesia from 2018 to 2023.&lt;\/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;METHODS&lt;\/title&gt;We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National TB Registry, including 509,290 patients aged 0\u201319 years with evaluated treatment\n outcomes. Outcomes were classified as successful (cured or treatment completed) or unsuccessful (death, loss to follow-up, or treatment failure). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with unsuccessful outcomes.&lt;\/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;RESULTS&lt;\/title&gt;Adolescents\n aged 10\u201319 years had higher odds of unsuccessful treatment compared with children aged 0\u20134 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21\u20131.28). The strongest predictors of unsuccessful outcomes were drug-resistant TB (AOR: 21.90, CI: 8.58\u201360.10),\n HIV co-infection (AOR: 3.70, CI: 3.35\u20134.08), and retreatment status (AOR: 1.98, CI: 1.83\u20132.14). Marked geographic disparities were observed, with significantly higher odds in Eastern Indonesia (AOR: 2.80, CI: 2.71\u20132.91).&lt;\/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt;&lt;title&gt;CONCLUSION&lt;\/title&gt;Adolescents\n and children with drug-resistant TB and HIV co-infection, or those receiving retreatment, face markedly increased risks of unsuccessful outcomes, alongside substantial geographic inequities. Strengthened adherence support and regionally targeted interventions are urgently needed.&lt;\/sec&gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.26.0066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T04:30:51Z","timestamp":1787977851000},"page":"403-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors associated with unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes in children and adolescents in Indonesia, 2018\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Y.A.","family":"Sekarini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.F.","family":"Yani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Suyanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia;, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Nusantara Bukittinggi, Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.W.","family":"Gede Artawan Eka Putra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.T.","family":"Pakasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Tuberculosis Program, Ministry of Health of Republic Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.B.","family":"Leksono Adhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Tuberculosis Program, Ministry of Health of Republic Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3554","container-title":["The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/iuatld\/ijtld\/2026\/00000030\/00000009\/art00003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T04:31:14Z","timestamp":1787977874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.5588\/ijtld.26.0066"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]}},"alternative-id":["1027-3719(20260828)30:9L.403;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.26.0066","relation":{},"ISSN":["1027-3719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1027-3719","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]}}}