{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:59:09Z","timestamp":1790830749786,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["int j tuberc lung dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"abstract":"<sec><title>BACKGROUND<\/title>TB remains a major global health threat, worsened by drug resistance. Hr-TB (isoniazid resistance) in rifampicin-susceptible cases compromises outcomes. This study used Xpert MTB\/XDR to determine Hr-TB prevalence and associated risk\n factors, informing national control strategies.<\/sec><sec><title>METHOD<\/title>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 74 Ethiopian health facilities (May\u2013October 2024), including 841 rifampicin-susceptible TB cases. Hr-TB was evaluated using the Xpert\n MTB\/XDR assay. Two-stage sampling and logistic regression estimated prevalence and identified significant predictors.<\/sec><sec><title>RESULTS<\/title>The overall Hr-TB prevalence was 2.7%, higher among previously treated TB cases (16.2%) than in new TB cases\n (0.9%). Regional variation showed the highest prevalence in Gambella (7.1%), Oromia (6.2%), and Sidama (5.7%). Multivariable analysis identified prior TB treatment as the main predictor, including other previously treated cases (AOR = 138.48), relapses (AOR = 5.59), and history of treatment\n after failure (AOR = 45.51).<\/sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS<\/title>Hr-TB remains a significant concern among rifampicin-susceptible TB patients in Ethiopia, particularly in previously treated cases, with regional variation underscoring a persistent challenge.\n Strengthening routine isoniazid resistance testing, expanding access to Xpert MTB\/XDR, improving treatment adherence, and implementing targeted interventions with enhanced surveillance are essential to prevent resistance amplification, improve outcomes, and control Hr-TB spread.<\/sec><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.26.0111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:32:57Z","timestamp":1790829177000},"page":"442-447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unmasking isoniazid resistance in rifampicin-susceptible TB: a national multicentre study using Xpert MTB\/XDR"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"E.M.","family":"Goshu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.G.","family":"Woldegiorgis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.G.","family":"Dememew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Science for Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.D.","family":"Gebremedihin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Science for Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.A.","family":"Tsega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Science for Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.B.","family":"Abraha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Science for Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.A.","family":"Abagero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.S.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Science for Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.T.","family":"Mekuria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.A.","family":"Doti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.L.","family":"Janfa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.A.","family":"Abdisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ethiopia Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Kasaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kumsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.G.","family":"Datiko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Science for Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3554","container-title":["The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/iuatld\/ijtld\/2026\/00000030\/00000010\/art00003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:33:22Z","timestamp":1790829202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.5588\/ijtld.26.0111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]}},"alternative-id":["1027-3719(20260930)30:10L.442;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.26.0111","relation":{},"ISSN":["1027-3719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1027-3719","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]}}}