{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T22:47:00Z","timestamp":1785192420909,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJTLD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) remains a major public health threat. In 2022, Uzbekistan reported 2,117 cases of DR-TB, with 69% tested for fluoroquinolone resistance. Limited information is available on the prevalence of resistance to bedaquiline, linezolid, and fluoroquinolone, which are key components of the all-oral treatment regimen for rifampicin-resistant TB in Uzbekistan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted using extensive programmatic data from 2019 to 2023 in Uzbekistan. We assessed second-line drug-resistant TB (SLDR-TB) rates using phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST). Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with SLDR-TB were analysed using multivariable logistic regression models based on the Allen-Cady approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 2,405 patients with TB who had undergone pDST were included (median age 40 years, 47% female). The overall SLDR-TB resistance rate was 24% (95% CI 22\u201326). Prevalence of resistance to bedaquiline, linezolid, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and amikacin were respectively 3.1%, 0.8%, 15%, 13%, and 12%. Risk factors for SLDR-TB were resistance to rifampicin and\/or isoniazid, exposure to clofazimine, retreatment status, contact with drug-susceptible TB\u2009case or DR-TB case, and diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The high prevalence of SLDR-TB is of major concern, emphasising the need for baseline pDST in RR-TB treatment. Identified risk factors can aid early detection of at-risk individuals and inform clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtldopen.24.0351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:30:31Z","timestamp":1726705831000},"page":"391-397","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Second-line drug-resistant TB and associated risk factors in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Moe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Azamat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Allamuratova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Oluya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Khristusev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.L.","family":"Rekart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Mamitova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Bidwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Gomez-Restrepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Kalmuratov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Tigay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Parpieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Safaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Sitali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mikhail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3554","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011502102960000_1.9.391.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Global tuberculosis report, 2023. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2023."},{"key":"2026011502102960000_1.9.391.2","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Country tuberculosis profile online database. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2023."},{"key":"2026011502102960000_1.9.391.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2703.204418","article-title":"Testing Mycobacterium tuberculosis for susceptibility","volume":"27","author":"Farooq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026011502102960000_1.9.391.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020425","article-title":"Epidemiology and drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in high-burden area in Western Siberia, Russia","volume":"11","author":"Kostyukova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026011502102960000_1.9.391.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/jamb\/2019\/v19i230186","article-title":"Prevalence of pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (pre XDR-TB) & extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) among pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis at a tertiary care hospital, Jamnagar","volume":"19","author":"Gavali","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Adv Microbiol"},{"key":"2026011502102960000_1.9.391.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00470-9"},{"key":"2026011502102960000_1.9.391.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.17.0321","article-title":"Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Myanmar: burden and mutations causing second-line drug resistance","volume":"22","author":"Ei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2026011502102960000_1.9.391.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.19.0508","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the Kharkiv region, Ukraine","volume":"24","author":"Butov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2026011502102960000_1.9.391.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.12.031","article-title":"Redefining MDR-TB: comparison of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Russia and Taiwan","volume":"72","author":"Jou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"2026011502102960000_1.9.391.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.104127","article-title":"First insights into circulating XDR and pre-XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Southern Brazil","volume":"78","author":"Salvato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"2026011502102960000_1.9.391.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2023.04.392","article-title":"Epidemiology of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"132","author":"Diriba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026011502102960000_1.9.391.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-022-01076-0","article-title":"High fluoroquinolone resistance proportions among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis driven by dominant L2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis clones in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region","volume":"14","author":"Dreyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"2026011502102960000_1.9.391.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-021-00995-8","article-title":"Prevalence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a Chinese multidrug-resistant TB cohort after redefinition","volume":"10","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"2026011502102960000_1.9.391.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20609","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2013.18.42.20609","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Uzbekistan: results of a nationwide survey, 2010 to 2011","volume":"18","author":"Ulmasova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"2026011502102960000_1.9.391.15","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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