{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:44:02Z","timestamp":1773881042459,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJTLD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cervical lymph node TB (CL-TB) is the most prevalent form of extra-pulmonary TB, yet it remains underdiagnosed in endemic settings due to non-specific symptoms and inconsistent diagnostic pathways. We aimed to identify socio-demographic and clinical predictors of CL-TB in patients attending a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh and evaluate the diagnostic yield of available tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted this cross-sectional study at Bangladesh Medical University. We screened 3,619 cervical lymphadenitis patients and enrolled 104 with presumptive CL-TB. Lymph node (LN) aspirates were tested using microscopy, cytopathology, GeneXpert, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and culture. Data were analysed using STATA 15.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 104 participants, 52 were confirmed to have CL-TB by either microscopy, cytopathology, GeneXpert, PCR, or culture. Younger age (18\u201330 years) and purulent aspirate appearance were independently associated with CL-TB. Cytopathology showed the highest diagnostic yield (82.7%), followed by GeneXpert (71.2%) and PCR (67.3%), while microscopy and culture detected &lt;7% of CL-TB cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combinations of cytopathology with GeneXpert or PCR yielded near-perfect CL-TB detection. This was the first study in Bangladesh to utilise LN aspirates directly for PCR alongside cytopathology, GeneXpert, microscopy, and culture, demonstrating a feasible diagnostic approach in high-burden settings like Bangladesh and offering improved detection and reduced delay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtldopen.25.0453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T09:53:42Z","timestamp":1771926822000},"page":"57-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cervical lymph node TB: diagnostic yield and patient profile"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"F.R.","family":"Luba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.P.","family":"Dey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Bhowmick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.M.","family":"Arafat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.A.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.S.","family":"Shomik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Maruf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.K.","family":"Sagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ashaduzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ceruti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Arpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.B.","family":"Okuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Schneitler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Abd El Wahed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3554","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031812064702000_3.2.57.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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