{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:18:09Z","timestamp":1789579089684,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJTLD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR\/RR-TB) poses significant challenges to patients, providers, and programmes. We evaluated a 9-month, 5-drug all-oral regimen implemented under operational conditions in Peru.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between February and September 2023, we enrolled 50 adults with confirmed pulmonary MDR\/RR-TB in a prospective observational study conducted within Peru\u2019s National Tuberculosis Programme. The regimen consisted of bedaquiline, linezolid, levofloxacin, clofazimine, and delamanid, administered for 9 months and potentially extended to 12 months. We describe the frequency of clinically relevant adverse events of special interest, sputum culture conversion, end-of-treatment outcomes, and changes in dyspnoea and quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 50 participants, 24 (48%) were women, and median age was 28.5 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 23\u201359 years); 38 (76%) had cavitary disease, and 29 (58%) had bilateral disease. Adverse events were infrequent and manageable; only one case of linezolid-associated myelosuppression led to permanent drug discontinuation. Of 33 participants with positive sputum culture, 100% experienced culture conversion (median: 39 days, IQR: 31\u201361). Favourable end-of-treatment outcomes were observed in 40 (85.1%) (95% confidence interval: 72.3%\u201392.6%). Quality-of-life and dyspnoea scores improved significantly in those with treatment success.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This 9-month oral regimen was effective and safe and improved patient-reported outcomes. These results support broader adoption in national TB programmes across Latin America and beyond.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtldopen.25.0553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T16:11:17Z","timestamp":1773850277000},"page":"144-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effectiveness and safety of a shortened oral regimen for rifampicin- or multidrug-resistant TB"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Herrera-Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Vargas-Vasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Llanos-Tejada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Ruiz-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Cornejo-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Vela-Trejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.M.","family":"Puyen-Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.C.","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.M.","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.L.","family":"Romo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Osso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Trevisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"LaHood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.L.","family":"Rich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.J.","family":"Seung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.D.","family":"Mitnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.F.","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Lecca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Alarcon-Guizado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3554","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031809111026000_3.3.144.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Global tuberculosis report 2024. 1st ed. Geneva: WHO, 2024."},{"key":"2026031809111026000_3.3.144.2","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization . Drug-resistant tuberculosis in the Americas. 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