{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T18:14:42Z","timestamp":1778523282292,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJTLD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Molecular typing of\n                      <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates provides insight into TB transmission by identifying clustering isolates. However, clustering alone does not necessarily indicate ongoing in-country transmission, as infections may have occurred abroad or long ago.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a classification model categorising clustering TB patients into three groups: i) likely, ii) possibly, and iii) unlikely to have been recently infected in the Netherlands. The model consists of two stages: i) individual labelling, followed by ii) cluster labelling for the remaining cases, and includes epidemiological, whole genome sequencing (WGS) data, and confirmed epidemiological links based on cluster investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that 28% of TB patients with WGS results in 2018\u20132023 had a clustered isolate. However, when we classified cases by individual labelling (48% of cases) and cluster labelling (52% of cases), only 11% to a maximum of 15% were likely to have been infected within the last 2 years in the Netherlands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our WGS-based classification model provides a valuable tool for monitoring progress towards TB pre-elimination by enabling estimation of recent in-country transmission. Importantly, our findings indicate that a substantial proportion of clustered cases were likely the result of infections acquired abroad or from non-recent transmission events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtldopen.25.0735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T17:51:37Z","timestamp":1778521897000},"page":"286-292","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measuring recent in-country TB transmission using a classification model with whole genome sequencing data"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6989-7950","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"W.","family":"Frederiks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0550-5273","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"R.M.","family":"Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1278-4503","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"G.","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3554","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051110513137000_3.5.286.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . The end TB strategy. Geneva: WHO, 2015."},{"key":"2026051110513137000_3.5.286.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00214014"},{"key":"2026051110513137000_3.5.286.3","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Framework towards tuberculosis elimination in low-incidence countries. Geneva: WHO, 2014."},{"key":"2026051110513137000_3.5.286.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00499-2023"},{"key":"2026051110513137000_3.5.286.5","unstructured":"Slump E , Tuberculosis in the Netherlands report 2023. Bilthoven, the Netherlands: RIVM, 2024."},{"key":"2026051110513137000_3.5.286.6","unstructured":"RIVM . Nationaal plan tuberculosebestrijding, update 2021-2025. Tuberculosebestrijding en infectieziektebestrijding: samen sterker. Bilthoven, the Netherlands: RIVM, 2021. https:\/\/www.rivm.nl\/publicaties\/nationaal-plan-tuberculosebestrijding-update-2021-2025-tuberculosebestrijding-en."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026051110513137000_3.5.286.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30042-0","article-title":"Measuring tuberculosis transmission in low-incidence countries","volume":"6","author":"de Vries","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026051110513137000_3.5.286.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01100-17"},{"key":"2026051110513137000_3.5.286.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195413"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"2026051110513137000_3.5.286.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S644","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix354","article-title":"Drivers of tuberculosis transmission","volume":"216","author":"Mathema","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect 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