{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T03:05:17Z","timestamp":1783998317362,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJTLD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nurse case management (NCM) models have improved outcomes in chronic disease and HIV, but evidence in multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is limited. We therefore evaluated whether NCM could improve MDR-TB outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This pragmatic, cluster-randomised trial was conducted at 10 district hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape, South Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between 13 November 2014 and 5 September 2019, 2,844 were enrolled. A total of 2,134 were analysed (1,093 NCM, 1,041 usual care). Among 1,236 men (57.9%) and 898 women (42.1%), mean age was 37.4 years (standard deviation 12.2). Treatment success occurred in 706 (64.5%) of NCM group and 645 (61.9%) in usual care (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.62). Treatment failure occurred in 28 (2.6%) of NCM group and 47 (4.5%) of usual care. NCM did not improve the proportion of successful treatment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.79,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.17, and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56, 1.12). In secondary analysis, NCM reduced the odds of treatment failure by 44% (aOR 0.56, 95% CI: 0.31\u20130.99), which improved to 49% (aOR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.26\u20130.99) in sensitivity analysis. Differences for other outcomes were not significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCM did not improve MDR-TB treatment success. Yet, NCM was associated with reduced odds of treatment failure. The intervention alone was insufficient to overcome barriers associated with loss to follow-up, or delayed presentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtldopen.26.0126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T02:34:23Z","timestamp":1783996463000},"page":"444-452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nurse case management to improve multidrug-resistant TB: a cluster-randomised trial"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"J.E.","family":"Farley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Lowensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Budhathoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"McNabb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.M.","family":"Weizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Krotee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.J.","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.N.","family":"Ndjeka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3554","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071319341440000_3.7.444.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2009.02900.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026071319341440000_3.7.444.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15485","article-title":"Nurse-led hospital-to-community care, clinical outcomes for people living with HIV and health-related social needs","volume":"79","author":"Moen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2026071319341440000_3.7.444.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111702"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026071319341440000_3.7.444.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0001357","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001357","article-title":"A scoping review of patient-centred tuberculosis care interventions: gaps and opportunities","volume":"3","author":"Myburgh","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"2026071319341440000_3.7.444.5","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Companion handbook to the WHO guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Geneva: WHO, 2014."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026071319341440000_3.7.444.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70242","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.70242","article-title":"Effectiveness of nursing care intervention for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026071319341440000_3.7.444.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2024.12.003","article-title":"A synthesis of qualitative evidence regarding the barriers, challenges, and facilitators of self-care management among individuals with tuberculosis: a narrative review","volume":"27","author":"Choudhary","year":"2025","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"2026071319341440000_3.7.444.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1740774504cn024oa"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026071319341440000_3.7.444.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91","DOI":"10.1097\/JNC.0000000000000242","article-title":"Evaluating integrated care for people living with HIV and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa: a case-based approach using the chronic care model","volume":"32","author":"Geiger","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"key":"2026071319341440000_3.7.444.10","unstructured":"World Health Organization . WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 4: treatment - drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment, 2022 update. Geneva: WHO, 2022."},{"key":"2026071319341440000_3.7.444.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020436"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026071319341440000_3.7.444.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000003268","article-title":"Successful multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment without HIV viral suppression: a missed opportunity","volume":"94","author":"Geiger","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026071319341440000_3.7.444.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0002714","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0002714","article-title":"Relationship between HIV viral suppression and multidrug resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes","volume":"4","author":"Geiger","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"2026071319341440000_3.7.444.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.21.0007"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026071319341440000_3.7.444.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17924-0","article-title":"Travel distance to rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis treatment and its impact on loss to follow-up: the importance of continued RR-TB treatment decentralization in South Africa","volume":"24","author":"McNabb","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026071319341440000_3.7.444.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0360"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026071319341440000_3.7.444.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0253848","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253848","article-title":"Predictors of mortality in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Alemu","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026071319341440000_3.7.444.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.10.026","article-title":"Relationship between chest radiographic characteristics, sputum bacterial load, and treatment outcomes in patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"79","author":"Te Riele","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["IJTLD Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.5588\/ijtldopen.26.0126","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T02:34:25Z","timestamp":1783996465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.theunion.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.5588\/ijtldopen.26.0126"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5588\/ijtldopen.26.0126"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtldopen.26.0126","relation":{},"ISSN":["3005-7590"],"issn-type":[{"value":"3005-7590","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}}}