{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T03:05:26Z","timestamp":1783998326339,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJTLD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Peru, TB remains a leading public health concern, yet knowledge about its transmission among women of reproductive age is poorly characterised. We sought to determine multilevel factors associated with comprehensive TB knowledge in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed data from 29,889 women aged 15\u201349 years across 25 departments using Peru\u2019s 2024 Demographic and Health Survey. Comprehensive TB knowledge was defined as correct identification of airborne transmission and rejection of at least three of five common myths. Three-level logistic regression, spatial autocorrelation, and concentration index analyses were used to examine individual, household, and contextual determinants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Weighted prevalence of comprehensive TB knowledge was 27.5% (95% confidence interval: 26.3\u201328.6). Education exhibited a dose\u2013response gradient (odds ratio 4.7 for higher vs. no education; 95% confidence interval: 3.30\u20136.57). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 22.2%, indicating substantial contextual variation. Spatial analysis showed significant clustering (Moran\u2019s I = 0.077,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and the concentration index of 0.115 confirmed pro-rich inequality in knowledge distribution.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately one in four Peruvian women possess comprehensive TB knowledge, with pronounced socio-economic and geographic inequities. These findings support targeted educational interventions for women with limited schooling in economically disadvantaged communities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtldopen.26.0137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T02:40:14Z","timestamp":1783996814000},"page":"453-460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multilevel determinants of knowledge on TB transmission among women of reproductive age"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"M.F.","family":"Lozada-Urbano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Toledo Cornejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Copaja-Corzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.R.","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Huam\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Vasquez Vasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"De La Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Paucar Suasnabar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Merejildo Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.C.","family":"Benites Azabache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.D.","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3554","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071319342533000_3.7.453.1","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization . Tuberculosis resurges as top infectious disease killer. Washington, D.C., USA: PAHO\/WHO, 2024. https:\/\/www.paho.org\/en\/news\/1-11-2024-tuberculosis-resurges-top-infectious-disease-killer."},{"key":"2026071319342533000_3.7.453.2","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization . While TB cases continue to rise in the Americas, new innovations promise improvements in early diagnosis and treatment. Washington, D.C., USA: PAHO\/WHO, 2025. https:\/\/www.paho.org\/en\/news\/24-3-2025-while-tb-cases-continue-rise-americas-new-innovations-promise-improvements-early."},{"key":"2026071319342533000_3.7.453.3","unstructured":"World Health Organization . National plan for the prevention and control of tuberculosis 2024-2026. Geneva: WHO, 2024. https:\/\/strategicplanning4tb.org\/page\/peru (Accessed 02 February 2026)."},{"key":"2026071319342533000_3.7.453.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001675"},{"key":"2026071319342533000_3.7.453.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-15"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026071319342533000_3.7.453.6","first-page":"1014666","article-title":"Tuberculosis knowledge, attitudes, and practice in middle- and low-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"2023","author":"Craciun","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Trop Med"},{"key":"2026071319342533000_3.7.453.7","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Global tuberculosis report 2025. 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