{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:30:57Z","timestamp":1786649457712,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJTLD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TB incidence in prison populations exceeds surrounding communities by factors of up to 100. Early case detection in correctional systems is constrained by gaps in health care worker training and inconsistent application of diagnostic algorithms. Structured clinical mentorship may strengthen diagnostic performance, although evidence from Kenyan correctional settings remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective evaluation across 20 prison health facilities in Kenya, comparing TB indicators during 4-month pre- and post-intervention periods following a 3-month clinical mentorship programme. Facility-level outcomes included TB screening coverage, testing coverage, diagnostic modality use, and TB detection among presumptive cases. Analyses were stratified by baseline facility TB detection capacity (\u22651 vs. 0 confirmed cases pre-intervention).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among inmates, TB diagnostic yield was higher in the post-intervention period than in the pre-intervention period (2.6% vs. 5.4%; risk ratio [RR] 2.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.33\u20133.17), and screening coverage also increased (58.5% vs. 70.3%; RR 1.20;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Diagnostic practices shifted toward WHO-recommended modalities. These changes were concentrated in facilities with baseline detection capacity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical mentorship was associated with higher TB diagnostic yield, greater screening coverage, and increased use of WHO-recommended diagnostics during the post-intervention period. Gains were concentrated in facilities with baseline detection capacity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtldopen.26.0139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:54:24Z","timestamp":1786647264000},"page":"520-525","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical mentorship and TB detection in prison health facilities"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Fielder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Wanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Muinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Kimutai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Muthoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Amdany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Ondieki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Mungathia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Onyango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Osoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3554","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081311541509000_3.8.520.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Global Tuberculosis Report 2023. Geneva: WHO, 2023."},{"key":"2026081311541509000_3.8.520.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30578-5"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2026081311541509000_3.8.520.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2025.100621","article-title":"Global perspectives on tuberculosis in prisons and incarceration centers - risk factors, priority needs, challenges for control and the way forward","volume":"14","author":"Nyasulu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IJID Reg"},{"key":"2026081311541509000_3.8.520.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv030"},{"key":"2026081311541509000_3.8.520.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.14.135285"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081311541509000_3.8.520.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0229995","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229995","article-title":"Effect of Xpert MTB\/RIF testing introduction and favorable outcome predictors for tuberculosis treatment among HIV infected adults in rural southern Mozambique. A retrospective cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Nacarapa","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026081311541509000_3.8.520.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.11.421","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of healthcare provider training to improve tuberculosis management: a systematic review of methods and outcome indicators used","volume":"56","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026081311541509000_3.8.520.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S228951"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081311541509000_3.8.520.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e737","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00083-4","article-title":"A Global Tuberculosis Dictionary: unified terms and definitions for the field of tuberculosis","volume":"12","author":"Garcia-Basteiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081311541509000_3.8.520.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtldopen.24.0272","article-title":"Yield of TB screening in prisons in Tajikistan","volume":"1","author":"Moe","year":"2024","journal-title":"IJTLD Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081311541509000_3.8.520.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtldopen.25.0210","article-title":"Factors associated with unfavorable TB treatment outcomes in the population deprived of liberty","volume":"2","author":"Ely","year":"2025","journal-title":"IJTLD Open"},{"key":"2026081311541509000_3.8.520.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001378"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081311541509000_3.8.520.13","first-page":"250","article-title":"Staff training and ambulatory tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a cluster randomized controlled trial in South Africa","volume":"83","author":"Lewin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081311541509000_3.8.520.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.3366","article-title":"Strengthening tuberculosis diagnosis in a low-resource setting: experience learned in Dodoma, Tanzania","volume":"7","author":"Cannas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"}],"container-title":["IJTLD Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.5588\/ijtldopen.26.0139","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:54:25Z","timestamp":1786647265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.theunion.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.5588\/ijtldopen.26.0139"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5588\/ijtldopen.26.0139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtldopen.26.0139","relation":{},"ISSN":["3005-7590"],"issn-type":[{"value":"3005-7590","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}}}