{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T04:31:13Z","timestamp":1768451473422,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"Supplement 2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["public health action"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health problem in Latvia.\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To document trends, characteristics and treatment outcomes of registered patients with multi-drug-resistant (MDR-) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-) TB in Latvia from 2000 to 2010.\n                    <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A retrospective national cohort study.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Of 1779 patients, 1646 (92%) had MDR- and 133 (8%) XDR-TB. Over 11 years, the proportion of XDR-TB among MDR-TB patients increased from 2% to 18%. Compared to MDR-TB patients, those with XDR-TB were significantly more likely to have failed MDR-TB treatment (OR 8.4, 95%CI 4.3\u201316.2), have human immunodeficiency virus infection (OR 3.2, 95%CI 1.8\u20135.7), be illegal drug users (OR 5.7, 95%CI 2.6\u201311.6) or have had contact with MDR-TB patients (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.3\u20132.8). Cure rates for XDR-TB were 50%. Compared with MDR-TB patients, those with XDR-TB had a higher risk of treatment failure (29% vs. 8%, respectively,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Unfavourable treatment outcomes were significantly associated with being male; having smear-positive disease; pulmonary cavities; failure, default or relapse after previous MDR-TB treatment; and a history of incarceration.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    More MDR-TB in Latvia is now also XDR-TB. This study identified several risk factors for XDR-TB and, for unfavourable treatment outcomes, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management of MDR-\/XDR-TB.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.14.0041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]],"date-time":"2014-10-21T18:23:11Z","timestamp":1413915791000},"page":"S47-S53","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Latvia: trends, characteristics and treatment outcomes"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Kuksa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Riekstina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Leimane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Ozere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Skenders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Van den Bergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. D.","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. D.","family":"Harries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3554","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"container-title":["Public Health Action"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.5588\/pha.14.0041","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T17:24:58Z","timestamp":1768411498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.theunion.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.5588\/pha.14.0041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement 2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5588\/pha.14.0041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/pha.14.0041","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-8372"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2220-8372","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}}}