{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:48:39Z","timestamp":1791852519116,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["public health action"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The level of antibiotic resistance of pathogens causing uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) is increasing. The 2017\u20132018 GLASS (Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System) report indicated &gt;70% resistance to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin in\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Pakistan.\n                    <jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A prospective study was conducted in the M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res (MSF) supported Timurgara District Hospital, Timurgara, Pakistan, from September 2017 to December 2018. Women aged 18\u201365 years presenting to the Emergency Department with symptoms of uncomplicated UTI (cystitis\/pyelonephritis) were invited to participate. We conducted microbiological culture and sensitivity testing for samples with positive dipstick or nitrite test.\n                    <jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Of the 200 patients who participated, 109 (54.5%) were diagnosed with pyelonephritis and 91 (45.5%) with cystitis. Forty-three samples (21.5%) were culture-positive:\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was isolated in 27 samples,\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. in 7 and\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in 6. Overall resistance to ciprofloxacin was observed in 51.8% of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, and ceftriaxone resistance in 66.7% of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates and in 33.3% of\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Resistance to fosfomycin was low (one\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolate).\n                    <jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study found resistance to first- and second-line antibiotics for treating UTIs as per the MSF protocol. Heightened awareness and potential changes to local prescription practices are necessary to curb the spread of antimicrobial resistance pathogens causing UTIs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.21.0071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:06:06Z","timestamp":1646870766000},"page":"48-52","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Antibiotic resistance in patients with urinary tract infections in Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Bullens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"de Cerqueira Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Raziq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. G.","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. N.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Zada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Atta-Ur-Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Wailly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Zeshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. J.","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Gil-Cuesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3554","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R51_532_640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.11.021","volume":"35","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0735-6757","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"R51_491_564","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.6026\/97320630010419","volume":"10","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformation"},{"key":"R51_572_538","first-page":"1232","volume":"66","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0030-9982","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"R51_407_453","first-page":"415","volume":"108","year":"2011","journal-title":"Uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Dtsch Arz- tebl Int"},{"key":"R51_503_436","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-696","volume":"5","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"R51_462_360","first-page":"389","volume":"30","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"R51_345_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000228","volume":"29","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0951-7375","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"R51_367_266","first-page":"143","volume":"2","year":"2004","journal-title":"Uncomplicated urinary tract infection. EAU Update Series"},{"key":"R51_477_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/1120009X.2017.1380395","volume":"29","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Chemother","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1120-009X","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["Public Health Action"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.5588\/pha.21.0071","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T16:43:32Z","timestamp":1768409012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.theunion.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.5588\/pha.21.0071"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5588\/pha.21.0071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/pha.21.0071","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-8372"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2220-8372","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}}}