{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T23:33:49Z","timestamp":1773876829168,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["public health action"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antiretroviral therapy has extended HIV patient survival, increasing non-communicable disease prevalence like diabetes mellitus. Strong links exist between HIV, TB, and diabetes. This study examined diabetes prevalence among adults with TB and HIV, or co-infection in Uganda.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DESIGN<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study conducted between August 2021 and January 2022 at three urban hospitals in Kampala, Uganda. Participants aged \u226518 years receiving HIV and\/or TB treatment for at least 6 months were enrolled. Diabetes screening was performed using random blood glucose and haemoglobin A1C measurements according to American Diabetes Association guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 924 participants, 832 (90.0%) had HIV only, 50 (5.4%) had TB only, and 42 (4.6%) had both conditions. Overall diabetes prevalence was 4.1% in HIV patients, 7.6% in TB patients, and 14.3% in TB\u2013HIV co-infected patients. Diabetes was significantly more prevalent among older patients (\u226536 years) across all disease categories and among males with HIV infection compared to females (6.8% vs. 3.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.011). Among TB patients, central obesity was associated with higher diabetes prevalence (33.3% vs. 4.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study reveals elevated diabetes prevalence among patients with TB\u2013HIV co-infection, emphasising the need for integrated screening and management strategies addressing these interconnected conditions in Uganda.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.25.0032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T16:09:03Z","timestamp":1773850143000},"page":"63-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diabetes mellitus, TB, and HIV multi-morbidities among adults in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"J.E.","family":"Akumu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Sekaggya-Wiltshire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Babirye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Musaazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.E.","family":"Kukundakwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Okiira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Mutebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Nabadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Namuwenge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Sendagire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3554","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031809085742000_16.1.63.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61113-7"},{"key":"2026031809085742000_16.1.63.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws321"},{"key":"2026031809085742000_16.1.63.3","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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