{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T23:33:50Z","timestamp":1773876830904,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["public health action"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>SETTING<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2013, the New York City Health Department analysed its TB contact tracing programme. Despite long-term declines, TB remained a persistent public health issue in New York City, necessitating continued investment in prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim was to evaluate the financial and public health impact of the TB contact tracing programme by conducting a return-on-investment (ROI) analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>DESIGN<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study measured programme costs \u2013 including personnel, diagnostics, and follow-up care \u2013 against projected savings from averted TB cases. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the impact of varying progression rates from TB infection (TBI) to active TB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The programme identified 3,250 contacts and prevented 64 potential TB cases through early detection and TBI treatment. This resulted in a 95.13% ROI, meaning that for every dollar invested, nearly another dollar was saved. The ROI increased under assumptions of higher TBI progression rates, reinforcing the programme\u2019s cost-effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Contact tracing plays a critical role in TB control, especially in urban areas with higher incidence. The evaluation supports sustained investment in public health infrastructure and demonstrates that the model can be applied to other infectious disease programmes for targeted prevention and early intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.25.0054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T16:03:23Z","timestamp":1773849803000},"page":"54-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The return on investment of TB contact tracing in New York City"],"prefix":"10.5588","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Goldwater","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Neustrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Trieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Chuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3554","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031809085745000_16.1.54.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/MMWR.MM7312A4"},{"key":"2026031809085745000_16.1.54.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofu047"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026031809085745000_16.1.54.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302910","article-title":"High tuberculosis strain diversity among New York City public housing residents","volume":"106","author":"Dawson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2026031809085745000_16.1.54.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1402147"},{"key":"2026031809085745000_16.1.54.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507273330406"},{"key":"2026031809085745000_16.1.54.6","unstructured":"New York State Department of Health . Tuberculosis in New York state: annual report, 2013. https:\/\/www.health.ny.gov\/statistics\/diseases\/communicable\/tuberculosis\/docs\/2013_annual_report.pdf (Accessed 14 May 2025)."},{"key":"2026031809085745000_16.1.54.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.06.049","article-title":"Contact tracing is associated with treatment success of index tuberculosis cases in Uganda","volume":"109","author":"Baluku","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026031809085745000_16.1.54.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e259","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00001-9","article-title":"Effectiveness of contact tracing in the control of infectious diseases: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Hossain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026031809085745000_16.1.54.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hsdr05010","article-title":"Interventions to improve contact tracing for tuberculosis in specific groups and in wider populations: an evidence synthesis","volume":"5","author":"Baxter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Serv Deliv Res"},{"key":"2026031809085745000_16.1.54.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2013.10.016"},{"key":"2026031809085745000_16.1.54.11","unstructured":"Bureau of Economic Analysis . U.S. Gross Domestic Product, 2013 (Second Estimate). Washington, DC, USA: United States Department of Commerce; 2023."}],"container-title":["Public Health Action"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.5588\/pha.25.0054","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T16:09:17Z","timestamp":1773850157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.theunion.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.5588\/pha.25.0054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5588\/pha.25.0054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/pha.25.0054","relation":{},"ISSN":["2220-8372"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2220-8372","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}}}