{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T20:02:10Z","timestamp":1782417730162,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"STEF92 Technology","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a significant environmental issue especially in countries like Bulgaria that currently has 486 closed and abandoned mining waste facilities including tailings, dumps and heaps. Some of them are thoroughly investigated and known for their low pH levels and high metal and metalloid concentrations. The most conventional active treatment method for AMD involves neutralization through the use of different reagents. However, a significant limitation in the application of this method is the lack of detailed literature on the exact dosages of alkalizing reagents required for specific AMDs. Furthermore, precise wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) design parameters are usually available only to engineers in their practice and rarely become publicly accessible. The aim of this study is to enrich scientific literature with data on AMD water quality and the needed technological parameters of WWTPs that use neutralization as a main process. AMD from the dumps around the abandoned \ufffdMedet\ufffd copper deposit in Bulgaria was used for the laboratory experiments. A specific dosage determination of a 5% solution of Ca(OH)2 and a 10% solution of NaOH with feasibility comparison of both for Cu, Fe and partial SO42- removal was performed. For the full removal of SO42- an additional treatment step with anion exchange resin was added, which showed great efficiency at low residence time of 3-5 min. The paper will provide practicing water treatment engineers with valuable data for future projects and serve as a basis for researchers for optimization work of the discussed AMD neutralization technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5593\/sgem2025\/1.1\/s02.23","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T09:16:32Z","timestamp":1763802992000},"page":"179-190","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["WATER QUALITY AND TREATMENT OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE FROM THE ABANDONED \ufffdMEDET\ufffd DEPOSIT IN BULGARIA"],"prefix":"10.5593","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Dobril","family":"Valchev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Architecture, Civil engineering and Geodesy, Sofia","place":["Bulgaria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Lazarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Architecture, Civil engineering and Geodesy, Sofia","place":["Bulgaria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3602","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[1] Turingan, C. O. A., Cordero, K. S., et al., Acid Mine Drainage Treatment Using a Process Train with Laterite Mine Waste, Concrete Waste, and Limestone as Treatment Media. Water, vol.14\/issue 7, pp 1-21, 2022.","DOI":"10.3390\/w14071070"},{"key":"ref=2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[2] Angelov, A., Bratkova, S., et al., Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage in a Bioelectrochemical System, Based on an Anodic Microbial Sulfate Reduction. Journal of Ecological Engineering, vol. 24\/issue 7, pp 175\ufffd186, 2023.","DOI":"10.12911\/22998993\/164755"},{"key":"ref=3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[3] Rambabu, K., Banat, F., et al., Biological remediation of acid mine drainage: Review of past trends and current outlook. In Environmental Science and Ecotechnology vol. 2\/ issue 100024, pp 1-14, 2020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ese.2020.100024"},{"key":"ref=4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[4] Thisani, S. 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Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, pp 1-12, 2022.","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.1017809"},{"key":"ref=8","unstructured":"[8] Ministry of Energy Bulgaria, List of closed, including abandoned, mining waste facilities pursuant to Article 22m(5) of the Underground Natural Resources Act, 2020."},{"key":"ref=9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[9] Bratkova, S., Formation and characterization of acid mine drainage in the Madzharovo ore field, Southeastern Bulgaria. Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, vol. 35\/issue 1, pp 41\ufffd50, 2021.","DOI":"10.52321\/igh.35.1.41"},{"key":"ref=10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[10] Bratkova, S., Tsvetkov, P., Migration of heavy metals from mine waste rock dump end environmental impact on groundwaters and sediments. Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, vol. 59\/issue 1, pp 145\ufffd156, 2024.","DOI":"10.59957\/jctm.v59.i1.2024.17"},{"key":"ref=11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[11] Ighalo, J. O., Kurniawan, S. B., et al., A review of treatment technologies for the mitigation of the toxic environmental effects of acid mine drainage (AMD). Process Safety and Environmental Protection, vol. 157, pp. 37\ufffd58, 2022.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2021.11.008"},{"key":"ref=12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[12] Rezaie, B., & Anderson, A., Sustainable resolutions for environmental threat of the acid mine drainage. Science of the Total Environment vol. 717, 137211, pp 1-9, 2020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137211"},{"key":"ref=13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[13] Zheng, X., Lu, Y., et al., Assessment of heavy metals leachability characteristics and associated risk in typical acid mine drainage (AMD)-contaminated river sediments from North China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 413, 137338, pp 1-9, 2023.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.137338"},{"key":"ref=14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[14] Daraz, U., Li, Y., et al., Remediation technologies for acid mine drainage: Recent trends and future perspectives. Chemosphere, 311, 137089, pp 1-15, 2023.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.137089"},{"key":"ref=15","unstructured":"[15] Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2003."},{"key":"ref=16","unstructured":"[16] Ministry of Environment and Water (MOEW), Ordinance No. N-4 on the characterization of surface waters in Bulgaria, 2012."},{"key":"ref=17","unstructured":"[17] MOEW, EARBD, RBMP - Reports on the state of water bodies on the territory of East Aegean River Basin Directorate, Bulgaria, 2019-2023."},{"key":"ref=18","unstructured":"[18] MOEW, Ordinance No. 6 on emission standards for the content of harmful and hazardous substances in wastewater discharged into water bodies, Bulgaria, 2000."},{"key":"ref=19","unstructured":"[19] MOEW, Ordinance No. 7 on the conditions and procedures for discharging industrial wastewater into the sewerage systems of populated areas, Bulgaria, 2000."}],"event":{"name":"25 SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2025","theme":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","location":"Albena, Bulgaria","acronym":"SGEM2025","number":"25","sponsor":["SGEM WORLD SCIENCE (SWS) Scholarly Society, Austria"],"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]]}},"container-title":["SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference\ufffd EXPO Proceedings","25th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings SGEM2025, Science and Technologies in Geology, Exploration and Sustainable Mining"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T19:29:42Z","timestamp":1782415782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/epslibrary.at\/items\/455147c9-3330-4cf6-adbf-9277e76d15d4\/water-quality-and-treatment-of-acid-mine-drainage-from-the-abandoned-medet-deposit-in-bulg"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5593\/sgem2025\/1.1\/s02.23","relation":{},"ISSN":["1314-2704"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1314-2704","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]}}}