{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T19:59:21Z","timestamp":1782417561556,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"STEF92 Technology","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study aims to define a new cost indicator related to the extraction and handling of marble in a quarry located in the Apuan Alps, northern Italy. The analyzed cycle includes all operations required to extract a standard block volume, cutting with wire saws and chain saws, overturning the bench, block squaring, and transport to the yard, carried out using six machines, both for cutting and material handling.\nThe adopted methodology considers costs related to fuel and energy consumption, maintenance, operator wages, and depreciation, assessed for each machine based on their contribution to the extraction of 60 cubic meters of processed marble.\nKnowing the annual productivity of the quarry, it was possible to determine a unit cost index representing the total cost associated with the elementary cycle of extraction and handling. This indicator is proposed as a practical tool to assess the impact of each phase, identify inefficiencies, and support cost-reduction strategies, especially relevant in the transition toward more efficient and digitalized mining practices aligned with the principles of Industry 4.0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5593\/sgem2025\/5.1\/s20.059","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T10:42:58Z","timestamp":1763808178000},"page":"461-468","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["OPERATIONAL COST ANALYSIS OF AN ELEMENTARY EXTRACTION CYCLE IN A MARBLE QUARRY OF THE APUAN ALPS"],"prefix":"10.5593","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Innocenzi","family":"Sara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial, Mechanical, and Electronic Engineering (DIIEM), Rome","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lippiello","family":"Dario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial, Mechanical, and Electronic Engineering (DIIEM), Rome","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfaro Degan","family":"Guido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial, Mechanical, and Electronic Engineering (DIIEM), Rome","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coltrinari","family":"Gianluca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial, Mechanical, and Electronic Engineering (DIIEM), Rome","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonucci","family":"Andrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial, Mechanical, and Electronic Engineering (DIIEM), Rome","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3602","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","unstructured":"[1] Marcesini M., Mocchi D., Presentazione del Primo Rapporto dell\ufffdOsservatorio del Marmo, Camera di Commercio della Toscana Nord-Ovest, Italia, 2024, pp. 10\ufffd15, https:\/\/tno.camcom.it\/sites\/default\/files\/sala_stampa\/2024-12\/20241206-Presentazione-Osservatorio-marmo.pdf;"},{"key":"ref=2","unstructured":"[2] Shafiee S., Nehring M., Topal E., Estimating Average Total Cost of Open Pit Coal Mines in Australia, Proceedings of the Australian Mining Technology Conference, Australia, 2009, pp. 134\ufffd145."},{"key":"ref=3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[3] C\ufffdrdova E., Mobarec V., Pizarro E., Videla A.R., A structured key cost analysis methodology to identify value-contributing activities in mining projects: a case study of the Chuquicamata Underground Project, Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, South Africa, vol. 118, pp 279-288, 2018, ISSN 2411-9717, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17159\/2411-9717\/2018\/v118n3a10.","DOI":"10.17159\/2411-9717\/2018\/v118n3a10"},{"key":"ref=4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[4] Tazzini A., Gambino F., Casale M., Dino G.A., Managing Marble Quarry Waste: Opportunities and Challenges for Circular Economy Implementation, Sustainability, Switzerland, vol. 16, pp 3056, ISSN 2071-1050, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su16073056.","DOI":"10.3390\/su16073056"},{"key":"ref=5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[5] Ozdemir B., Kumral M., A system-wide approach to minimize the operational cost of bench production in open-cast mining operations, International Journal of Coal Science & Technology, China, vol. 6, pp 84-94, 2019, ISSN 2196-6936, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40789-018-0234-1.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40789-018-0234-1"},{"key":"ref=6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[6] Patyk M., Bodziony P., Kasztelewicz Z., Analysis of Quarrying Equipment Operating Cost Structure, Inzynieria Mineralna, Poland, vol. 20, pp 311-318, 2019, ISSN 1429-7261, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29227\/IM-2019-02-49.","DOI":"10.29227\/IM-2019-02-49"},{"key":"ref=7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[7] Patyk M., Bodziony P., Empirical Analysis of Mining Costs Amid Energy Price Volatility for Secondary Deposits in Quarrying, Energies, Switzerland, vol. 17, 2024, ISSN 1996-1073, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en17030718.","DOI":"10.3390\/en17030718"},{"key":"ref=8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[8] Taboni B., Ferrero A.M., Umili G., A Novel Application of In Situ Block Size Distribution and Shape Classification in Dimension Stone Quarries, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, Germany, vol. 58, pp 4509-4526, 2025, ISSN 1434-453X, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00603-024-04363-x.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00603-024-04363-x"},{"key":"ref=9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[9] Arosio D., Munda S., Zanzi L., Quality Control of Stone Blocks During Quarrying Activities, 14th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), Shanghai, China, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4673-2663-6.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICGPR.2012.6254975"},{"key":"ref=10","unstructured":"[10] Contratto Collettivo Nazionale di Lavoro (CCNL) Lapidei - Industria, Dipendenti da aziende esercenti le attivit\ufffd di escavazione e lavorazione dei materiali lapidei, stipulato il 24 novembre 2022, testo consolidato available at https:\/\/ilccnl.it\/ccnl\/lapidei---industria\/lapidei---industria."}],"event":{"name":"25th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2025","theme":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","location":"Albena, Bulgaria","acronym":"SGEM2025","number":"25","sponsor":["SGEM WORLD SCIENCE (SWS) Scholarly Society, Austria"],"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]]}},"container-title":["SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference\ufffd EXPO Proceedings","25th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings SGEM2025, Ecology, Environmental Economics, Education, and Legislation, Vol25, Issue 5.1."],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T19:26:06Z","timestamp":1782415566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/epslibrary.at\/items\/89358cd7-b927-439a-9d9f-e714e49466d3\/operational-cost-analysis-of-an-elementary-extraction-cycle-in-a-marble-quarry-of-the-apua"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"references-count":10,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5593\/sgem2025\/5.1\/s20.059","relation":{},"ISSN":["1314-2704"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1314-2704","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]}}}