{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T12:57:11Z","timestamp":1793278631381,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"International Association of Physical Chemists (IAPC)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ADMET DMPK"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and purpose: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, failing to identify a complete cure. Liver cancer is the sixth most frequent cancer worldwide, and its cure is still not assured. Nanoparticles, especially the metal oxide nanoparticles, have been explored as anticancer agents in recent times. In an attempt to make the best use of waste, plantain peel, a byproduct of agriculture, was used to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles. Experimental approach: The plantain peel extract was evaluated for its chemical compo\u00adsition by GC-MS analysis, which revealed a predominant presence of tetratetracontane. The copper oxide nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering, zeta poten\u00adtial, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). Bio-inertness was assessed using an MTT assay of fibroblasts, a haemolysis assay, and zebrafish embryo analysis. The anticancer activity against HepG2 cells was estimated. Key results: The absorption peak was found at 402 nm, the hydrodynamic diameter was 323\u00a0nm, the zeta potential was +10.74 mV, and a band gap of 1.3 eV. The SEM images showed a size range of 54 to 85\u00a0nm with a chrysanthemum-petal-like morphology. EDAX showed the presence of Cu and O, and the XRD and FTIR peaks corroborated with that of CuO. The result showed that up to a dose of 50 \u03bcg mL-1, the nanoparticles did not induce any toxicity. Finally, the anticancer activity, evaluated using the HepG2 cell line, showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect with an IC50 of 26.20 \u03bcg mL-1. Conclusion: The outcome of this study suggested that the synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles can be used at controlled doses to kill cancer cells. Further studies are needed using other cancer cell lines and in vivo cancer models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5599\/admet.3203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T11:17:23Z","timestamp":1774351043000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Plantain peel extract\u2013mediated synthesis of CuO nanoparticles: comprehensive characterization, bioinertness &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;\/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;\/i&gt;, and anticancer evaluation"],"prefix":"10.5599","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6010-1045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srimathi","family":"JaganMoorthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2776-7243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pranav Raaj","family":"Subbarayan Ravichandar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5896-4820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harini","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4441-7863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balasubramanian","family":"Deepika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3899-5878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pazhani","family":"Durgadevi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9022-3354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arulsamy","family":"Arokyapraveen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0475-2544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnishwar","family":"Girigoswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1554-5241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koyeli","family":"Girigoswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3564","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"169020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[1] Z. Cheng, H. Huang, M. Yin, H. Liu. Applications of liposomes and lipid nanoparticles in cancer therapy: current advances and prospects. Experimental Hematology & Oncology 14 (2025) 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40164-025-00602-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-025-00602-1"},{"key":"169021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[2] F. Bray, M. Laversanne, H. Sung, J. Ferlay, R.L. Siegel, I. Soerjomataram, A. Jemal. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 74 (2024) 229-263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21834","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"key":"169022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[3] R.L. Siegel, T.B. Kratzer, A.N. Giaquinto, H. Sung, A. Jemal. Cancer statistics, 2025. Ca: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 75 (2025) 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21871","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21871"},{"key":"169023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[4] B. Deepika, G. Janani, D.J. Mercy, S. Udayakumar, V. Raghavan, J.B. Isaac, M. Shurfa, A. Girigoswami, K. Girigoswami. Assessing the Anticancer Potential of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles with Doxorubicin in a Polymeric Nanomatrix: Histopathological and Antiangiogenic Insights. ChemNanoMat 11 (2025) e202500186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cnma.202500186","DOI":"10.1002\/cnma.202500186"},{"key":"169024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[5] M. Shurfa, A. Girigoswami, R.S. Devi, K. Harini, G. Agraharam, B. Deepika, P. Pallavi, K. Girigoswami. Combinatorial effect of Doxorubicin entrapped in Alginate-Chitosan hybrid polymer and Cerium oxide Nanocomposites on skin cancer management in mice. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 112 (2023) 2891-2900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xphs.2023.08.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2023.08.014"},{"key":"169025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[6] A. Girigoswami, H. Adhikesavan, S. Mudenkattil, S. Devi, K. Girigoswami. Role of cerium oxide nanoparticles and doxorubicin in improving cancer management: A mini review. Current Pharma-ceutical Design 29 (2023) 2640-2654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0113816128270290231029161741","DOI":"10.2174\/0113816128270290231029161741"},{"key":"169026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[7] T. Guttapalli, N.K. RK, H. RM, K. Girigoswami. rGO Decorated with ZnO Synthesized Using Clitoria ternatea Flower Extract\u2014Characterization, In Vitro and In Vivo Biocompatibility, and Textile Dye Remediation. Journal of Composites Science 9 (2025) 454. https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2504-477X\/9\/9\/454","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs9090454"},{"key":"169027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[8] J. Anandan, R. Shanmugam, N.S. Alharbi, M. Thiruvengadam. Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles from Centella asiatica and Ayapana triplinervis: A novel approach to treating wound infections and reducing antimicrobial resistance. South African Journal of Botany 177 (2025) 617-629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sajb.2024.12.020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2024.12.020"},{"key":"169028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[9] B. Ayyappan, B. Palani, S. Jayakodi, R. Shanmugam. Comparative In Vitro Evaluation of Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Alginate, Tannic Acid, and Their Nanoformulation. Biomedical Materials & Devices (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44174-025-00532-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s44174-025-00532-w"},{"key":"169029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[10] P. Ezati, A. Khan, T. Bhattacharya, A. Zaitoon, W. Zhang, S. Roy, J.-W. Rhim, L.-T. Lim. New opportunities and recent advances in carbon dots for sustainable and intelligent food packaging. Food and Bioprocess Technology 18 (2025) 4195-4221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11947-024-03731-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-024-03731-3"},{"key":"169030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[11] R.U. Kannan, S.S. Geeva, S. Narayan. Design and Fabrication of pH-Sensitive Curcumin Coated Gold Nanorods as Anti-Angiogenic Targeting Nanostructures. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry 13 (2023) 286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33263\/BRIAC133.286","DOI":"10.33263\/BRIAC133.286"},{"key":"169031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[12] S. Palaniraj, R. Murugesan, S. Narayan. Aprotinin\u2013Conjugated biocompatible porous nanocomposite for dentine remineralization and biofilm degradation. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society 99 (2022) 100702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jics.2022.100702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jics.2022.100702"},{"key":"169032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[13] S.O. Bitire, E.C. Nwanna, T.-C. Jen. The impact of CuO nanoparticles as fuel additives in biodiesel-blend fuelled diesel engine: A review. Energy & Environment 34 (2023) 2259-2289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0958305X221089217","DOI":"10.1177\/0958305X221089217"},{"key":"169033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[14] T. Ringu, A. Das, S. Ghosh, N. Pramanik. Exploring the potential of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) for sustainable environmental bioengineering applications. Nanotechnology for Environmental Engineering 9 (2024) 679-707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41204-024-00389-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s41204-024-00389-2"},{"key":"169034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[15] V.S. Sousa, M.R. Teixeira. Aggregation kinetics and surface charge of CuO nanoparticles: the influence of pH, ionic strength and humic acids. Environmental Chemistry 10 (2013) 313-322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/EN13001","DOI":"10.1071\/EN13001"},{"key":"169035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[16] N. Zayyoun, L. Bahmad, L. La\u00e2nab, B. Jaber. The effect of pH on the synthesis of stable Cu2O\/CuO nanoparticles by sol\u2013gel method in a glycolic medium. Applied Physics A 122 (2016) 488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00339-016-0024-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-016-0024-9"},{"key":"169036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[17] S. Jesumathy, M. Udayakumar, S. Suresh. Experimental study of enhanced heat transfer by addition of CuO nanoparticle. Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (2012) 965-978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00231-011-0945-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s00231-011-0945-y"},{"key":"169037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[18] S. Naz, A. Gul, M. Zia, R. Javed. Synthesis, biomedical applications, and toxicity of CuO nanoparticles. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 107 (2023) 1039-1061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00253-023-12364-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-023-12364-z"},{"key":"169038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[19] U.T. Khatoon, A. Velidandi, G.N. Rao. Copper oxide nanoparticles: synthesis via chemical reduction, characterization, antibacterial activity, and possible mechanism involved. Inorganic Chemistry Communications 149 (2023) 110372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inoche.2022.110372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2022.110372"},{"key":"169039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[20] M. Rajkumar, S. Davis Presley, K. Girigoswami, A. Sasireka, C. Kamaraj, S. Udayakumar, P. Deepak. Development of Polyethylene Glycol\u2013Coated CuO Nanocomposites for Enhanced Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Biocompatible and Anticancer Activities. Biomedical Materials & Devices (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44174-025-00623-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s44174-025-00623-8"},{"key":"169040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[21] B. Raneesh, P. Visakh, Metal Oxide Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, USA, 2020, p. 402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119364726","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119364726"},{"key":"169041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[22] S. Thomas, A.T. Sunny, P. Velayudhan, Colloidal metal oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and applications, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2019, p. 590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/C2016-0-03725-7","DOI":"10.1016\/C2016-0-03725-7"},{"key":"169042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[23] P.S. Sharon Sofini, D.J. Mercy, V. Raghavan, J.B. Isaac, B. Deepika, S. Udayakumar, G. Janani, S. Devi, V. Kiran, A. Harini, A. Girigoswami, K. Girigoswami. Evaluation of scarless wound healing through nanohydrogel infused with selected plant extracts. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 100 (2024) 106118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jddst.2024.106118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2024.106118"},{"key":"169043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[24] S.M. Uzairu, M.A. Kano. Assessment of phytochemical and mineral composition of unripe and ripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) peels. African Journal of Food Science 15 (2021) 107-112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5897\/AJFS2017.1680","DOI":"10.5897\/AJFS2017.1680"},{"key":"169044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[25] P. Garg, R. Garg. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of leaves and stem of Tinospora cordifolia in different solvent extract. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8 (2018) 259-264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22270\/jddt.v8i5-s.1967","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v8i5-s.1967"},{"key":"169045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[26] S. Pandiarajan, S. Udayakumar, G. Janani, D.J. Mercy, B. Deepika, A. Thirumalai, A. Girigoswami, P. Jeyaraj, K. Girigoswami. Anticancer effects of biomimetic green-synthesized silver nanoparticles coated lactobacilli species against various cancer cell lines. 3 Biotech 15 (2025) 233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13205-025-04393-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-025-04393-4"},{"key":"169046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[27] A. Girigoswami, B. Deepika, S. Udayakumar, G. Janani, D.J. Mercy, K. Girigoswami. Peony-shaped zinc oxide nanoflower synthesized via hydrothermal route exhibits promising anticancer and anti-amyloid activity. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 25 (2024) 101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40360-024-00830-x","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-024-00830-x"},{"key":"169047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[28] A. Ertas, M.A. Yilmaz, M. Firat. Chemical profile by LC\u2013MS\/MS, GC\/MS and antioxidant activities of the essential oils and crude extracts of two Euphorbia species. Natural Product Research 29 (2015) 529-534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14786419.2014.954113","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2014.954113"},{"key":"169048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[29] K.I. Sinan, O.K. Etienne, A. Stefanucci, A. Mollica, M.F. Mahomoodally, S. Jugreet, G. Rocchetti, L. Lucini, A. Aktumsek, D. Montesano. Chemodiversity and biological activity of essential oils from three species from the Euphorbia genus. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 36 (2021) 148-158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ffj.3624","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.3624"},{"key":"169049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[30] B. Salehi, M. Iriti, S. Vitalini, H. Antolak, E. Pawlikowska, D. Kr\u0119giel, J. Sharifi-Rad, S.I. Oyeleye, A.O. Ademiluyi, K. Czopek. Euphorbia-derived natural products with potential for use in health maintenance. Biomolecules 9 (2019) 337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom9080337","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9080337"},{"key":"169050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[31] A.I. El-Batal, G.S. El-Sayyad, F.M. Mosallam, R.M. Fathy. Penicillium chrysogenum-mediated mycogenic synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using gamma rays for in vitro antimicrobial activity against some plant pathogens. Journal of Cluster Science 31 (2020) 79-90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10876-019-01619-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10876-019-01619-3"},{"key":"169051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[32] J.A. Spencer, A.L. Mock, A.G. Jacobs, M. Schubert, Y. Zhang, M.J. Tadjer. A review of band structure and material properties of transparent conducting and semiconducting oxides: Ga2O3, Al2O3, In2O3, ZnO, SnO2, CdO, NiO, CuO, and Sc2O3. Applied Physics Reviews 9 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/5.0078037","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0078037"},{"key":"169052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[33] S. Saleem, A. Khalid, Z.M. Aldhafeeri, T. Alomayri, A. Ali, A. Jabbar, M.Y. Begum, G. Kandasamy. A comparative analysis of optical and electrical properties of pure CuO and Zn doped CuO nanoparticles for optoelectronic device applications. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 113 (2025) 213-224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10971-024-06591-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10971-024-06591-7"},{"key":"169053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[34] Y. Fu, P. Deng, X. Li. The Effect of Particle Size of Copper Oxide (CuO) on the Heat\u2010Induced Catalysis Decomposition of Molecular Perovskite\u2010Based Energetic Material DAP\u20104. Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (2022) 9725786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/9725786","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9725786"},{"key":"169054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[35] J.A. Buledi, S. Ameen, S.A. Memon, A. Fatima, A.R. Solangi, A. Mallah, F. Karimi, S. Malakmohammadi, S. Agarwal, V.K. Gupta. An improved non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor amplified with CuO nanostructures for sensitive determination of uric acid. Open Chemistry 19 (2021) 481-491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/chem-2021-0029","DOI":"10.1515\/chem-2021-0029"},{"key":"169055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[36] M. Patel, S. Mishra, R. Verma, D. Shikha. Synthesis of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles via Sol gel method and its characterization by using various technique. Discover Materials 2 (2022) 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43939-022-00022-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s43939-022-00022-6"},{"key":"169056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[37] M. Shahmiri, S. Bayat, S. Kharrazi. Catalytic performance of PVP-coated CuO nanosheets under environmentally friendly conditions. RSC advances 13 (2023) 13213-13223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D2RA07645D","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA07645D"},{"key":"169057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[38] S.H. Sabeeh, H.A. Hussein, H.K. Judran. Synthesis of a complex nanostructure of CuO via a coupled chemical route. Materials Research Express 3 (2016) 125025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2053-1591\/3\/12\/125025","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1591\/3\/12\/125025"},{"key":"169058","unstructured":"[39] N.A. Aziz, C.K. Sheng. Annealing dependent morphological transition, crystallinity enhancement, IR spectra and optical properties tuning of CuO nanostructure synthesized by facile precipitation for photocatalytic applications. Romanian Journal of Physics 68 (2023) 610. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/rjp.nipne.ro\/2023_68_3-4\/RomJPhys.68.610.pdf"},{"key":"169059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[40] D. Das, P. Nandi. Synthesis of CdS\/GO modified ZnO heterostructure for visible light dye degradation applications. Applied surface science 570 (2021) 151260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsusc.2021.151260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2021.151260"},{"key":"169060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[41] M.S. Jadhav, S. Kulkarni, P. Raikar, D.A. Barretto, S.K. Vootla, U.S. Raikar. Green biosynthesis of CuO & Ag\u2013CuO nanoparticles from Malus domestica leaf extract and evaluation of antibacterial, antioxidant and DNA cleavage activities. New Journal of Chemistry 42 (2018) 204-213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7NJ02977B","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NJ02977B"},{"key":"169061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[42] A. El-Trass, H. ElShamy, I. El-Mehasseb, M. El-Kemary. CuO nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, optical properties and interaction with amino acids. Applied surface science 258 (2012) 2997-3001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsusc.2011.11.025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2011.11.025"},{"key":"169062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[43] \u0130.Y. Erdo\u011fan, \u00d6. G\u00fcll\u00fc. Optical and structural properties of CuO nanofilm: Its diode application. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 492 (2010) 378-383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jallcom.2009.11.109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2009.11.109"},{"key":"169063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[44] D. Shankar, S.C. Jambagi, N. Gowda, K. Lakshmi, K. Jayanthi, V.K. Chaudhary. Effect of surface chemistry on hemolysis, thrombogenicity, and toxicity of carbon nanotube doped thermally sprayed hydroxyapatite implants. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 10 (2024) 1403-1417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c00912","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c00912"},{"key":"169064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[45] I.P. S\u00e6b\u00f8, M. Bj\u00f8r\u00e5s, H. Franzyk, E. Helgesen, J.A. Booth. Optimization of the Hemolysis Assay for the Assessment of Cytotoxicity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24 (2023) 2914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24032914","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032914"},{"key":"169065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[46] K. Amin, R.M. Dannenfelser. In vitro hemolysis: guidance for the pharmaceutical scientist. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 95 (2006) 1173-1176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jps.20627","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20627"},{"key":"169066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[47] A.M. Sivalingam, A. Pandian, S. Rengarajan, N. Boopathy, K.R.N. Selvaraj. A comparative study of in vivo toxicity in zebrafish embryos synthesized CuO nanoparticles characterized from Salacia reticulata. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 46 (2024) 311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10653-024-02104-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-024-02104-1"},{"key":"169067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[48] G. Sabeena, S. Rajaduraipandian, E. Pushpalakshmi, A.A. Hisham, G. Annadurai. Green and chemical synthesis of CuO nanoparticles: A comparative study for several in vitro bioactivities and in vivo toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Journal of King Saud University-Science 34 (2022) 102092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jksus.2022.102092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2022.102092"},{"key":"169068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[49] V.A. Arzumanian, O.I. Kiseleva, E.V. Poverennaya. The curious case of the HepG2 cell line: 40 years of expertise. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22 (2021) 13135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222313135","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222313135"},{"key":"169069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[50] K.T. Kitchin, J.A. Richards, B.L. Robinette, K.A. Wallace, N.H. Coates, B.T. Castellon, E.A. Grulke. Biochemical effects of copper nanomaterials in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Cell Biology and Toxicology 39 (2023) 2311-2329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10565-022-09720-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-022-09720-6"},{"key":"169070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[51] M. Younas, M. Zubair, M. Rizwan, M.A. Khan, K.M. Hussaini, R. Mumtaz, M. Azeem, T. Abbas, M.A. Irshad, S. Ali. Synthesis and characterization of cerium, silver and copper oxide nanoparticles and their anticancer potential of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cancer cells. Journal of Molecular Structure 1288 (2023) 135756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molstruc.2023.135756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2023.135756"}],"container-title":["ADMET and DMPK"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pub.iapchem.org\/ojs\/index.php\/admet\/article\/download\/3203\/2830","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pub.iapchem.org\/ojs\/index.php\/admet\/article\/download\/3203\/2831","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pub.iapchem.org\/ojs\/index.php\/admet\/article\/download\/3203\/2830","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T11:17:44Z","timestamp":1774351064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pub.iapchem.org\/ojs\/index.php\/admet\/article\/view\/3203"}},"subtitle":["Original scientific paper"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"references-count":51,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5599\/admet.3203","relation":{},"ISSN":["1848-7718"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1848-7718","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"article-number":"3203"}}