{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T14:26:15Z","timestamp":1761920775646},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Index Copernicus","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol Pol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;\/b&gt; Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common health complaints affecting 15% of the world\u2019s population. Recent reports confirm the participation of sensory organs in the defense process against pathogenic microorganisms. The bitter taste receptor TAS2R38 is described to play a role in the upper airway defense system. &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;\/b&gt; The purpose of this study was to assess the function of the bitter taste receptor in correlation with the severity of CRS, sensory organ disorders and allergic reaction. &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Material and method: &lt;\/b&gt;The study contained 100 patients undergoing nasal surgery, divided into two groups: CRS with and without nasal polyps. The control group consisted of patients undergoing septoplasty after excluding rhinosinusitis. Sinus mucosa samples obtained during surgery were used to assess TAS2R38 expression using immunohistochemistry. The IgE level was indicated from blood samples collected from patients. The Sniffin\u2019 Sticks Test was performed. &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;\/b&gt; CRS patients had higher expression of TAS2R38 receptor compared to controls (p = 0.0175). A statistically significantly higher TAS2R38 H-score in nasal mucosa was found among patients with a higher inflammation process in CT scan (p = 0.001), higher IgE level (p = 0,04) and an abnormal result of the Sniffin\u2019 Sticks Test. &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions: &lt;\/b&gt;Patients with CRS had significant TAS2R38 receptor overexpression correlating with the severity of inflammatory changes in CT scans, abnormal perception of smells and higher IgE level. A cumulative impact was found between the inflammatory changes, smell disfunction and the severity of subjective symptoms of CRS (according to EPOS) and the intensity of cell staining (index H-score).\n\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0014.1474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T14:47:52Z","timestamp":1594219672000},"page":"17-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Assessment of the effect of inflammatory\nchanges and allergic reaction on TAS2R38\nreceptor expression in patients with chronic\nsinusitis (CRS)"],"prefix":"10.5604","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Karolina","family":"Piskad\u0142o-Zborowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Miedzyleski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Stachowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute- Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Sarnowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute- Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Jowik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Miedzyleski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"D\u017caman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Department, Mi\u0119dzyleski Specialist Hospital in Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3689","reference":[{"key":"203579r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bachert C., Akdis C.A.: Phenotypes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis. J Allergy ClinImmunol Pract, 2020; 8(5): 1505\u20131511.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.12.021"},{"key":"203579r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goetzel R.Z., Ozminkowski R.J., Long S.R.: Development and reliability analysisof the Work Productivity Short Inventory (WPSI) instrument measuringemployee health and productivity. J Occup Environ Med, 2003; 45(7): 743\u2013762.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000079085.95532.32"},{"key":"203579r3","unstructured":"Radajewski K., Wierzchowska M., Grzanka D., Antosik P., Zdrenka M. et al.:Tissue remodelling in chronic rhinosinusitis \u2013 review of literature. OtolaryngolPol, 2019; 73(5): 1\u20134."},{"key":"203579r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho J., Alvarado R., Rimmer J., Sewell W.A., Harvey R.J.: Atopy in chronic rhinosinusitis:impact on quality of life outcomes. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol,2019; 9(5): 501\u2013507.","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22272"},{"key":"203579r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naclerio R.M., deTineo M.L., Baroody F.M.: Ragweed allergic rhinitis and theparanasal sinuses. A computed tomographic study. Arch Otolaryngol HeadNeck Surg, 1997; 123(2): 193\u2013196.","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1997.01900020077011"},{"key":"203579r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcus S., Roland L.T., DelGaudio J.M., Wise S.K.: The relationship between allergyand chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol, 2019; 4(1): 13\u201317.","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.236"},{"key":"203579r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lemos-Rodriguez A.M., Farzal Z., Sreenath S.B., Thorp B.D., Senior B.A.: MTheimpact of total immunoglobulin E levels on outcomes of maximal medical therapyfor chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy Rhinol (Providence), 2017; 8(1): 5\u201312.","DOI":"10.2500\/ar.2017.8.0188"},{"key":"203579r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eguiluz-Gracia I., Layhadi J.A., Rondon C., Shamji M.H.: Mucosal IgE immuneresponses in respiratory diseases. Curr Opin Pharmacol, 2019; 46: 100\u2013107.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2019.05.009"},{"key":"203579r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kucuksezer U.C., Ozdemir C., Akdis M., Akdis C.A.: Chronic rhinosinusitis:pathogenesis, therapy options, and more. Expert Opin Pharmacother, 2018;19(16): 1805\u20131815.","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2018.1527904"},{"key":"203579r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freund J.R., Lee R.J.: Taste receptors in the upper airway. World J OtorhinolaryngolHead Neck Surg, 2018; 4(1): 67\u201376.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2018.02.004"},{"key":"203579r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u017caman K., Zagor M., Sarnowska E., Krzeski A., Kantor I.: The correlation ofTAS2R38 gene variants with higher risk for chronic rhinosinusitis in Polishpatients. Otolaryngol Pol, 2016; 70(5): 13\u201318.","DOI":"10.5604\/00306657.1209438"},{"key":"203579r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee R.J., Cohen N.A.: Role of the bitter taste receptor T2R38 in upper respiratoryinfection and chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol,2015; 15(1): 14\u201320.","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000120"},{"key":"203579r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smail, H.O.: The roles of genes in the bitter taste. AIMS Genet, 2019; 6(4): 88\u201397.","DOI":"10.3934\/genet.2019.4.88"},{"key":"203579r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schroer A.B., Gross J.D., Kaski S.W., Wix K., Siderovski D.P.: Development ofFull Sweet, Umami, and Bitter Taste Responsiveness Requires Regulator of Gprotein Signaling-21 (RGS21). Chem Senses, 2018; 43(5): 367\u2013378.","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjy024"},{"key":"203579r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Purnell P.R., Addicks B.J., Zalzal H.G., Shapiro S., Wen S.: Single NucleotidePolymorphisms in Chemosensory Pathway Genes GNB3, TAS2R19, andTAS2R38 Are Associated with Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol,2019; 180(1): 72\u201378.","DOI":"10.1159\/000499875"},{"key":"203579r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carey R.M., Adappa N.D., Palmer J.N., Lee R.J., Cohen N.A.: Taste Receptors:Regulators of Sinonasal Innate Immunity. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol,2016; 1(4): 88\u201395.","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.26"},{"key":"203579r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carey R.M., Lee R.J.: Taste Receptors in Upper Airway Innate Immunity. Nutrients,2019.; 11(9): pii: E2017.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092017"},{"key":"203579r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bufe B., Breslin P.A.S., Kuhn Ch., Reed D.R., Tharp Ch.D. et al.: The molecularbasis of individual differences in phenylthiocarbamide and propylthiouracilbitterness perception. Curr Biol, 2005; 15(4): 322\u2013327.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.01.047"},{"key":"203579r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee R.J., Xiong G., Kofonow J.M., Chen B., Lysenko A. et al.: T2R38 taste receptorpolymorphisms underlie susceptibility to upper respiratory infection.J Clin Invest, 2012; 122(11): 4145\u20134159.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI64240"},{"key":"203579r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cantone E., Negri R., Roscetto E., Grassia R., Rosaria M. et al.: Catania In VivoBiofilm Formation, Gram-Negative Infections and TAS2R38 Polymorphismsin CRSw NP Patients. Laryngoscope, 2018; 128(10): E339-E345.","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27175"},{"key":"203579r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cullen M.M., Leopold D.A.: Disorders of smell and taste. Med Clin NorthAm, 1999; 81(1): 57\u201374.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(05)70087-0"},{"key":"203579r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith K.A., Pulsipher A., Gabrielsen D.A., Alt J.A.: Biologics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis:An Update and Thoughts for Future Directions. Am J Rhinol Allergy,2018; 32(5): 412\u2013423.","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892418787132"},{"key":"203579r23","unstructured":"Lund V.J., Mackay I.S.: Staging in rhinosinusitus. Rhinology, 1993; 31(4): 183\u2013184."},{"key":"203579r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greisner W.A.: 3rd and G.A. Settipane, Hereditary factor for nasal polyps. AllergyAsthma Proc, 1996, 17(5): 283\u2013286.","DOI":"10.2500\/108854196778662192"},{"key":"203579r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen N.A., Widelitz J.S., Chiu A.G., Palmer J.N., Kennedy D.W.: Familial aggregationof sinonasal polyps correlates with severity of disease. OtolaryngolHead Neck Surg, 2006; 134(4): 601\u2013604.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.11.042"},{"key":"203579r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whitney J., Haase B., Beatty J., Barrs V.R.: Genetic polymorphisms in toll-likereceptors 1, 2, and 4 in feline upper respiratory tract aspergillosis. Vet ImmunolImmunopathol, 2019; 2017: 109921.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2019.109921"},{"key":"203579r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaudhari N., Landin A.M., Roper S.D.: A metabotropic glutamate receptorvariant functions as a taste receptor. Nat Neurosci, 2000; 3(2): 113\u2013119.","DOI":"10.1038\/72053"},{"key":"203579r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raviv J.R., Kern R.C.: Chronic rhinosinusitis and olfactory dysfunction. AdvOtorhinolaryngol, 2006; 63: 108\u2013124.","DOI":"10.1159\/000093757"},{"key":"203579r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Litvack J.R., Fong K., Mace J., James K.E., Smith T.L.: Predictors of olfactorydysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope, 2008;118(12): 2225\u20132230.","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318184e216"},{"key":"203579r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Othieno F., Schlosser J.R., Storck K.A., Rowan N.R., Smith T.L. et al.: Retronasalolfaction in chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope, 2018; 128(11): 2437\u20132442.","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27187"},{"key":"203579r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dzaman K., Zielnik-Jurkiewicz B., Jurkiewicz D., Moli\u0144ska-Glura M.: Testfor screening olfactory function in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol,2013; 77(3): 418\u2013423.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.12.001"},{"key":"203579r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soler Z.M., Yoo F., Schlosser R.J., Mulligan J., Ramakrishnan V.R. et al.: Correlationof mucus inflammatory proteins and olfaction in chronic rhinosinusitis.Int Forum Allergy Rhinol, 2020; 10(3): 343\u2013355.","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22499"},{"key":"203579r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hummel T., Sekinger B., Wolf S.R., Pauli E., Kobal G.: \u201aSniffin\u2019 sticks\u2019: olfactoryperformance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odordiscrimination and olfactory threshold. Chem Senses, 1997; 22(1): 39\u201352.","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/22.1.39"},{"key":"203579r34","unstructured":"Ahn S.H., Lee E.J., Ha J.-G., Hwang Ch. S., Yoon J.-H. et al.: Comparison ofolfactory and taste functions between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilicchronic rhinosinusitis. Auris Nasus Larynx, 2020: S0385-8146(20)30086-9[Ahead of print]."},{"key":"203579r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fokkens W.J., Lund W.J., Mullol J., Bachert C., Alobid I. et al.: EPOS 2012: Europeanposition paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2012. A summaryfor otorhinolaryngologists. Rhinology, 2012; 50(1): 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino50E2"},{"key":"203579r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rowan N.R., Schlosser R.J., Storck K.A., Ganjaei K.G., Soler Z.M.: The impactof medical therapy on cognitive dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis. Int ForumAllergy Rhinol, 2019; 9(7): 738\u2013745.","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22323"},{"key":"203579r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hedner M., Rowan N.R., Schlosser R.J., Storck K.A., Ganjaei K.G. et al.: Cognitivefactors in odor detection, odor discrimination, and odor identificationtasks. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 2010; 32(10): 1062\u20131067.","DOI":"10.1080\/13803391003683070"},{"key":"203579r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen J., Larson E.D., Anderson C.B., Agarwal P., Frank D.N. et al.: Expressionof Bitter Taste Receptors and Solitary Chemosensory Cell Markers in the HumanSinonasal Cavity. Chem Senses, 2019; 44(7): 483\u2013495.","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjz042"},{"key":"203579r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee R.J., Cohen N.A.: The emerging role of the bitter taste receptor T2R38 inupper respiratory infection and chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy,2013; 27(4): 283\u2013286.","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2013.27.3911"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngologia Polska"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/otolaryngologypl.com\/gicid\/pdf\/01.3001.0014.1474","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/otolaryngologypl.com\/gicid\/pdf\/01.3001.0014.1474","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T12:35:56Z","timestamp":1632314156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/otolaryngologypl.com\/gicid\/01.3001.0014.1474"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5604\/01.3001.0014.1474","relation":{},"ISSN":["0030-6657","2300-8423"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0030-6657","type":"print"},{"value":"2300-8423","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]}}}